Topic 2 Flashcards
Why can Phosphorous hold more electrons in its outer shell than Nitrogen?
Phosphorous can expand the octet rule meaning it can hold more electrons in its d-orbital compared to Nitrogen which has no d-orbitals
What is meant by the term electronegativity?
The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond
What is meant by the term volatility
How readily a compound turns into a gas
Alcohols and their volatility in respect to alkenes
Alcohols have high boiling points in respect to alkenes meaning they have a lower volatility
Why water is a good solvent with ionic compounds
Ionic compounds dissolve in hydration, ions dissociate and surrounded by the polar water molecules
Why is water a good solvent for alcohols?
Can hydrogen bond with alcohols on their OH group
Only for short chain alcohols
Why are longer chain alcohols less soluble?
More bonds are broken than formed
less energetically feasible
What is the effect of branching on boiling temperatures on alkanes?
There are weaker London forces due to distance between molecules increasing and area of interaction decreasing
(smaller contact area)
Therefore lower boiling points
