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BCHM111 > Ashleys Quiz. > Flashcards

Ashleys Quiz. Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell?

a. glycolysis
b. hydrolysis
c. anabolic reactions
d. digestion
e. catabolic reactions

A

c: Anabolic reactions

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2
Q

The voltage across a membrane is called what?

A

Membrane potential

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3
Q

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in what?

A

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

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4
Q

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

a. substrate-level phosphorylation
b. the oxidation of NADPH
c. the breakdown of an acetyl group to carbon dioxide
d. the harnessing of energy from high-energy electrons derived from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
e. the breakdown of glucose into six carbon dioxide molecules

A

d: the harnessing of energy from high-energy electrons derived from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

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5
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?

A

100%

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6
Q

Why do autumn leaves turn shades of yellow, orange, and red?

A

Other pigments such as carotenoids are still present in the leaves.

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7
Q

Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment?

A

blue-green and violet region

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8
Q

A sodium-potassium pump does what?

A

Powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against its concentration gradient. In a single cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are extruded from and two potassium ions are imported into the cell.

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9
Q

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

A

The inhibitor binds to the enzyme in a location other than the active site, (allosteric site) changing the shape of the active site. When the inhibitor is bound, the enzyme cannot catalyze its reaction to produce a product. Thus, noncompetitive inhibition acts by reducing the number of functional enzyme molecules that can carry out a reaction.

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10
Q

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor for electrons from photosystem I?

A

NADP+

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11
Q

When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated?

A

It is lost to the environment.

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12
Q

How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?

A

In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.

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13
Q

The reducing power for Calvin cycle reactions is provided by what molecules?

A

NADDPH

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14
Q

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

A

Small and hydrophobic

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15
Q

A person on a strict diet and exercise regimen lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of body fat in just two weeks. What is the most likely way that the lost fat left the body?

A

It was released as CO2 and H20

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16
Q

Which of the following statements describes a central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism?

a. ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
b. Its terminal phosphate bond is stronger than most covalent bonds in other biological macromolecules.
c. Hydrolysis of ATP provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.
d. Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group stores free energy that is used for cellular work.
e. It is created by substrate level phosphorylation.

A

A: ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions

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17
Q

Where in a plant cell does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

The stroma of the chloroplast

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18
Q

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

a. It is driven by ATP hydrolysis.
b. It occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
c. The free energy of Complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4 is increased as they are phosphorylated.
d. It consists of a series of redox reactions
e. It includes a series of hydrolysis reactions associated with mitochondrial membranes.

A

d: It consists of a series of redox reactions

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about enzymes?

a. Enzyme activity can be influenced by factors such as pH or temperature
b. Small changes to the structure of an enzyme can mean that the substrate no longer binds
c. All enzymes need ATP to function
d. Enzymes are usually specific to a particular reaction
e. Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

A

c: All enzymes need ATP to function

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20
Q

In a plant, what reaction produces molecular oxygen (O2)?

A

Light reactions alone

21
Q

What happens when electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom?

A

The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released.

22
Q

What are the products of cyclic electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

ATP alone

23
Q

What happens to the free energy released as electrons are passed from photosystem II to photosystem I through a series of electron carriers?

A

It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient.

24
Q

Where in a plant cell does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

stroma of the chloroplast

25
Q

A sodium-potassium pump does which of the following?

A

moves three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell using energy from ATP hydrolysis

26
Q

Which event takes place in the electron transport chain?

A

The harnessing of energy from high-energy electrons derived from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

27
Q

In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

A

In both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

28
Q

The reducing power for Calvin cycle reactions is provided by what molecule?

A

NADPH

29
Q

What are the products of linear electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

ATP and NADPH

30
Q

A person on a strict diet and exercise regimen lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of body fat in just two weeks. What is the most likely way that the lost fat left the body?

A

It was released as CO2 and H2O.

31
Q

Which of the following molecules is most similar in structure to ATP?

A

An RNA nucleotide

32
Q

What is a central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism?

A

ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.

33
Q

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in what?

A

Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

34
Q

What happens to the free energy released as electrons are passed from photosystem II to photosystem I through a series of electron carriers?

A

It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient.

35
Q

In a plant, which of the following reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2)?

A

The light reactions alone

36
Q

Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?

A

The decrease in entropy is associated with growth of an organism. As a consequence of growth, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their increased complexity.

37
Q

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor for electrons from photosystem I?

A

NADP+

38
Q

How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?

A

In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.

39
Q

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. Which of the following approaches would be the best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms?

A

Determine whether they produce O2 in the light.

40
Q

What happens when electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom?

A

The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released.

41
Q

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

A

by binding to an allosteric site, thus changing the shape of the active site of the enzyme

42
Q

What is a key component of the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis?

A

Binding of substrate to the active site changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme.

43
Q

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?

A

Mitochondrial intermembrane space

44
Q

Which of the following is a primary function of the active site of an enzyme?

A

It catalyzes the reaction associated with the enzyme.

45
Q

Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment?

A

blue and violet

46
Q

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

47
Q

What are the products of cyclic electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

It results in the production of ATP but not O2 or NADPH.

48
Q

True or False? All organisms are an exception to the laws of physics.

A

False, they are subject to the laws of physics.

BCHM111 (21 decks)

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