Assessing and Remediating Text Comprehension Problems

Question 1

What is reading?

Answer 1

the complex process that involves perception, phonemic and phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, semantic knowledge, and comprehension

Question 2

Reading involves (6)

Answer 2

1. perception
2. phonemic awareness
3. phonological awareness
4. orthographic knowledge
5. semantic knowledge
6. comprehension

Question 3

What is literacy?

Answer 3

the ability to decode and encode

Question 4

What is decoding?

Answer 4

saying words printed on paper

Question 5

What is encoding?

Answer 5

saying what words mean

Question 6

What is multimodal literacy?

Answer 6

comprehension and production of a wide variety of communication modalities

Question 7

What are examples of communication modalities?

Answer 7

print, images, video, and digital contexts

Question 8

What are the 5 essential skills for reading proficiency?

Answer 8

1. phonemic awareness
2. phonics
3. fluency
4. vocabulary
5. comprehension

Question 9

Do oral and written language have a reciprocal relationship?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Reading and writing are initially _____ on oral language and extending oral language abilities.

Answer 10

dependent

Question 11

Younger children use ______ ______ to learn to read and older children use _____ to further learning.

Answer 11

oral language; reading

Question 12

What is conversational language?

Answer 12

language used to meet needs, accomplish daily tasks, and to share personal info

Question 13

What is academic language?

Answer 13

language used to analyze, evaluate, synthesize, persuade, and explain

Question 14

Does conversational language have more vocabulary than academic language?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

True or False: Academic language uses more technical terms, abstract concepts, and events that are related.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

What syntactic patterns are used in academic language?

Answer 16

it is more complex

• passive voice
• dependent clauses
• adevernial clauses
• adjectival clauses
• noun clauses

Question 17

What is an example of an adverbial clause?

Answer 17

clauses beginning in “when, while, so, because, if-then, unless”

Question 18

What is an example of an adjectival clause?

Answer 18

The colonists, [who felt they did not have representation] dumped tea into the Boston Harbor.

Question 19

What is an example of a noun clause?

Answer 19

[Where the rebels were going] was unknown

Question 20

What is content schema?

Answer 20

A mental model for facts that are presented in the text

Question 21

What is an example of content schema?

Answer 21

the social structure of bees

Question 22

What is text schema?

Answer 22

superordinate organization for the presentation of content information
(organization of descriptions, stories, and explanations)

Question 23

What is event schemata?

Answer 23

common routines (ex. going to a party)

Question 24

Production of discourse or texts require the ability to make _____.

Answer 24

inferences

Question 25

Comprehension requires the understanding of ____ and _____ between people, objects, and events.

Answer 25

cause/ effect

Question 26

Do poor comprehenders have difficulty making inferences?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

T/F inferences are not needed to comprehend text.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What is anaphoric referencing?

Answer 28

pronoun or noun phrase that refers to previous text entity

Question 29

What are bridging/ relational inferences?

Answer 29

deducing sequence and relationship of info across sentences

Question 30

What are explanation- based inferences?

Answer 30

inferring the antecedent or consequences of actions

Question 31

What are predictive inferences?

Answer 31

forecasts future events

Question 32

What are goal inferences?

Answer 32

infers the intentions of characters

Question 33

What are elaborative inferences?

Answer 33

considers associations that cannot be explained causally

Question 34

What is landscape of action?

Answer 34

temporally patterned sequences of actions that are reported in the 3rd person with minimal information about character's psychological state

Question 35

What are examples of landscape of action?

Answer 35

folk tales and stories told by young children

Question 36

What is landscape of consciousness?

Answer 36

story that is told from perspectives of characters

Question 37

What is Theory of Mind?

Answer 37

being able to infer the full range of mental states (beliefs, desires, intentions ,imagination, emotions) that cause action.

Question 38

What are the differences in narrative and expository texts?

Answer 38

purpose, schemata, and text structues

Question 39

What is the purpose of narratives?

Answer 39

entertain

Question 40

What is the purpose of expository texts?

Answer 40

to inform

Question 41

What is the schemata for narratives>?

Answer 41

familiar

Question 42

What is the schemata for expository text?

Answer 42

unfamiliar

Question 43

What type of processing is used in narratives?

Answer 43

top-down

Question 44

What type of processing is used in expository texts?

Answer 44

bottom- up

Question 45

What is the text structure used in narratives?

Answer 45

basic

Question 46

What is the text structure of expository texts?

Answer 46

variable by genre

Question 47

Macrostructure facilitates the ability to recognize ____ of passages.

Answer 47

themes

Question 48

What does macrostructure facilitate?

Answer 48

- readers to tell, retell, or comprehend stories - predict what comes next - recognize themes

Question 49

Children with reading disabilities tell ____, _____, _____ stories, and remember ____ detail.

Answer 49

shorter, less complete, less organized, and remember less detail

Question 50

Which grades focus on narratives?

Answer 50

early grades

Question 51

Which grades focus on expository texts?

Answer 51

later grades

Question 52

What are T- units?

Answer 52

main clauses and subordinate clauses

Question 53

What units are used in SALT software?

Answer 53

C-units

Question 54

What is a C-unit?

Answer 54

an independent clause with its modifiers

Question 55

What is a clause?

Answer 55

differs whether it is a main clause or a subordinate clause

Question 56

What are comprehension based measures?

Answer 56

ask questions about setting, characters, and events

Question 57

What are productive based measures?

Answer 57

have a child generate a story

Question 58

Describe the narrative development of preschool.

Answer 58

label simple descriptions of objects, characters, actions

Question 59

What is used to measure and assess macrostructure?

Answer 59

comprehension based measures and productive measures

Question 60

Describe the narrative development of early elementary.

Answer 60

goals, intentions, emotions, theory of mind, script for common characters (e.g., big bad wolf)

Question 61

Describe the narrative development of later elementary.

Answer 61

more complex story, overcoming obstacles, awareness of time, multiple meaning words

Question 62

Describe the narrative development of adolescent/ adult.

Answer 62

Connect 1st idea to 2nd idea, multiple meanings, themes

Question 63

How do we assess content schemata?

Answer 63

Test narrative development | have the child tell story for wordless books

Question 64

Children with language delays/ LLD will have ____ and ____ stories when assessing content schemata.

Answer 64

shorter and simpler

Question 65

What do we assess in content schemata?

Answer 65

``` Characters Actions Sequence Cause-effect Plans and reactions of characters ```

Question 66

What are examples of explicit questions?

Answer 66

Who are the characters? Where did this story happen? What is an important part of the story? What happened?

Question 67

What are examples of implicit questions?

Answer 67

How does the person feel? Why did the person do this? What do you think the person would say? What should happen next?

Question 68

What does the Test of Narrative Language assess?

Answer 68

Assesses difficulty in narrative comprehension Remember information from story with drawings Assesses narrative production Child produces a story given a picture, sequence, or no picture

Question 69

Describe the Qualitative Reading Inventory.

Answer 69

Provides narratives and expository passages that children listen to and answer both explicit and implicit questions In the retelling, note macrostructure (e.g., setting, goal, events, resolutions, main ideas)