Assessing the Abdomen

Question 1

in what quadrant is the stomach located in?

Answer 1

Left upper quadrant

Question 2

in what quadrant is the gallbladder located in

Answer 2

Right upper quadrant

Question 3

In what quadrant is the appendix located in?

Answer 3

Right lower quadrant

Question 4

In what quadrant is the ascending colon in?

Answer 4

Right lower quadrant

Question 5

in what quadrant is the descending and sigmoid colon in

Answer 5

Left lower quadrant

Question 6

in what quadrant is the pancreas in

Answer 6

Left upper quadrant

Question 7

In what quadrant is the spleen in

Answer 7

Left upper quadrant

Question 8

what major structures are located on the midline

Answer 8

Bladder, uterus, prostate gland

Question 9

what is the purpose of the abdominal muscles

Answer 9

to protect internal organs, allowed normal compression to organs during functional activities

Question 10

What is parietal peritoneum?

Answer 10

Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 11

what is visceral peritoneum?

Answer 11

Protective covering for most internal organs

Question 12

what organs are solid viscera?

Answer 12

The liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus

Question 13

what organs are hollow viscera?

Answer 13

Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, bladder

Question 14

what are keloids

Answer 14

Excessive scar tissue resulting from trauma or surgery. More common in African-Americans and Asians.

Question 15

what is important to do before assessing the abdomen for objective data

Answer 15

Have patient empty the bladder, put on gown

Question 16

What is an indicator of cholecystitis?

Answer 16

Pain or tenderness in the right upper quadrant

Question 17

What is an indicator for appendicitis?

Answer 17

Psoas sign and obturator sign

Question 18

What is Psoas sign?

Answer 18

pain in right lower quadrant when leg is hyper extended.

Question 19

What is obturator sign?

Answer 19

Pain in right lower quadrant when hip/knee or flexed/leg is rotated

Question 20

what is rousing sign?

Answer 20

Pain in right lower quadrant when pressure on left lower quadrant

Question 21

What is Blumberg sign?

Answer 21

pain or tenderness, one tests for rebound tenderness by palpating deeply at 90° into abdomen between umbilicus and anterior iliac crest

Question 22

what is Murphy’s sign? And what is it used to test for?

Answer 22

Pain when pressure applied under liver border of right costal margin, and patient inhales deeply. Used to test for cholecystitis.

Question 23

What is peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 23

An open sore that forms in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine that can be painful and bleed

Question 24

what are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 24

Although there is a wide variety, patients usually feel burning sensation, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, black and tarry stools, vomiting. Symptoms get worse on an empty stomach.

Question 25

what is medication treatment for peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 25

NSAIDS, steroids, anticoagulants, low-dose, aspirin, SSRIs, alendronate, risedronate

Question 26

what are other control the factors for treating peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 26

Avoid stress, avoid alcohol

Question 27

What are noncontrollable factors of peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 27

presence of H. pylori and G.I. tract, genetics, radiation treatments, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Question 28

What is Zollinger Ellison syndrome?

Answer 28

Rare tumor in the pancreas

Question 29

what is gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Answer 29

Stomach or gastric acid flow back into esophagus which overtime causes irritation, and can erode tissue leading to scarring and narrowing of esophagus, Barrett esophagus, or cancer

Question 30

what are symptoms of GERD

Answer 30

Hoarseness, laryngitis, chronic dry, cough, asthma, lump in throat, feeling sudden increase in saliva, halitosis, your aches, and sudden chest pain/discomfort

Question 31

what are risk factors of GERD?

Answer 31

Obesity, genetics, pregnancy, diabetes, asthma, eating large meals, spicy/fried foods and some medications

Question 32

what medication can cause gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Answer 32

aspirin, pain medication, antidepressants, asthma meds, hypertension meds

Question 33

what is ascites?

Answer 33

Excessive abdominal fluid

Question 34

what is the best position for a patient to assess their abdomen?

Answer 34

Lying supine on the exam table with their head on a pillow and knees slightly bent to help their muscles relax.

Question 35

what are some visual unexpected findings when assessing the abdomen?

Answer 35

-A yellow hue skin color -glistening or taught skin -purple or pink striae -Dilated veins

Question 36

what can be glistening or taut skin be attributed to in the abdomen?

Answer 36

Fluid buildup in the abdomen, or ascitis

Question 37

what can dilated veins in the abdomen mean?

Answer 37

Presence of liver disease

Question 38

What is cholecystitis?

Answer 38

inflammation of the gallbladder 

Question 39

where are the kidneys located?

Answer 39

under the lower ribs in the back

Question 40

what is flank pain and what can it be due to?

Answer 40

kidney pain, holding for urine too long/trauma/muscularskeletal back pain not associated with kidneys

Question 41

when should someone see a dr for flank pain?

Answer 41

immediately is blood is passed in urine, pain is sudden/severe, or fever/chills develop make an appt if one side pain becomes constant or worse, experience body aches, or recently had a UTI

Question 42

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 42

Makes insulin

Question 43

What is jaundice?

Answer 43

Buildup of ammonia

Question 44

What are ways to test for appendicitis?

Answer 44

sore abdomen, diaphragm will hurt, very low O2