Assessment 1 Flashcards
(184 cards)
1
Q
An 8 year old NM mixed breed dog is being evaluated bc of a 3 day hx of head tilt. On PE, the dog is moderately ataxic and tends to stumble to the left. A horizontal nystagmus is present with the fast phase to the right. Which of the following additional signs is most indicative of a central lesion rather than a peripheral lesion? Miotic left pupil Proprioceptive positioning deficits Pyrexia Vomiting Weakened palpebral reflex on the left
A
Proprioceptive positioning deficits
2
Q
The rodenticides brodifacoum and bromadiolone cause which of the following conditions in cats? Coagulopathy Hepatotoxicity Neurotoxicosis Organophosphate toxicity Renal toxicity
A
Renal toxicity
3
Q
According to the table, which of the following is the specificity of this test?
Feline leukemia virus test result
present absent
positive 16 171 187
Negative 58 508 566
74 679 753
58/566 171/679 171/753 508/679 508/753
A
508/679
4
Q
A mature Holstein cow is being evaluated bc of dystocia. On vaginal exam, the canal is very narrow, and there are folds in the dorsal vaginal wall directed anteriorly to the left. With effort, it is possible to pass a hand through the narrowed area of the vagina. The servix is partially dilated and the feet of the calf are accessible. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of delivering the calf?
Allow more time for the cervix to fully dilate
Cast the cow on the same side as the direction of the uterine torsion and roll cow in opposite direction
Cast the cow on the side opposite of the direction of the uterine torsion and roll the cow in the opposite direction
Correct the uterine torsion by manipulating the calf by hand or with a detorsion rod in the direction of the torsion
Correct the uterine torsion by manipulating the calf by hand or with a detorsion rod in the opposite direction of the torsion
A
Correct the uterine torsion by manipulating the calf by hand or with a detorsion rod in the direction of the torsion
5
Q
Cutaneous larva migrans in humans is usually caused by larval migration of which of the following parasites? Ancylostoma caninum Capillaria aerophila Dipylidium caninum Toxocara canis Trichuris vulpes
A
Ancylostoma caninum
6
Q
In swine, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is characterized as which of the following?
Acute with a low morbidity and high mortality
Acute with a high morbidity and high mortality
Chronic with a high morbidity and high mortality
Chronic with a high morbidity and low mortality
Chronic with a low morbidity and low mortality
A
Chronic with a high morbidity and low mortality
7
Q
Which of the following is the most likely cause of sterility in the male mule? Absence of spermatogonia Bilateraly cryptorchidism Chromosome incompatibility Hermaphroditism Inability to copulate
A
Chromosome incompatibility
8
Q
A 10 week old arabian foal is being evaluated bc of a hx of recurrent respiratory infections characterized by pyrexia, purulent nasal discharge, cough, and respir distress following exercise. Although the foaling was normal and passive transfer of maternal antibodies was adequate, the foal developed respiratory disease as well as dermatophilosis by 6 weeks of age. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Combined immune deficiency syndrome Herpes pneumonitis Rhodococcal pneumonia Streptococcus equi pneumonia Vegetative endocarditis
A
Combined immune deficiency syndrome
9
Q
A dog is being evaluated bc of bilateral symmetric alopecia and a hx of polyuria and polydipsia. An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test results in a threefold increase in plasma cortisol concentration from 9 to 27 ug/dL (N 5.4-16). No decrease in plasma cortisol conc is observed following a high dose dexamethasone suppression test. These results are most consistent with which of the following?
Administration of iatrogenic glucocorticoids
Excessive administration of milotane
Functional adrenocortical tumor
Functional pheochromocytoma
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
A
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
10
Q
A 4 yr old beef cow has been gradually losing weight over the past 2 months. The cow is eating but her appetite is decreased. The owner has not noticed any diarrhea. Temp, pulse, respir are normal. On physical exam, the cow has a body condition score of 2.5/9. The left paralumbar fossa is markedly distended, as is the lower right side of the abdomen. Rumen motility is present but erratic and incomplete. On rectal palpation, the rumen extends to the pelvis and across the midline of the abdomen ventrally. The rumen is full, and ingesta is firm. Which of the following is the most likely explaination for these findings? Cecal dilation Chronic parasitism Left displaced abomasum Traumatic reticuloperitonitis Vagal indigestion
A
Vagal indigestion
11
Q
In examining the records of commercial beef herds, which of the following production parameters is cause for concern? A 12 month calving interval A 20% preweaning mortality rate A 60 day calving season A 550lb weaning weight 950lb yearling weight
A
A 20% preweaning mortality rate
12
Q
Which of the following are the most important features to evaluate in the diagnosis of intervertebral disk disease in the dog?
Density of the vertebral body, alignment of articular facets, width of vertebral canal
Density of vertebral body, width of disk space, width of vertebral canal
Symmetry of intervertebral foramina, width of disk space, density of vertebral body
Symmetry of intervertebral foramina, width of disk space, disk calcification
Width of disk space, disk calcification, disarticulation of articular facets
A
Symmetry of intervertebral foramina, width of disk space, disk calcification
13
Q
A 5yr old symptomatic cat tests antigen positive for heartworm disease. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? Dithiazanine iodide orally for 7 days Levamisole orally for 7 days Melarsomine dihydrochloride IM once Prednisolone orally q24hr for 14 days Thiacetarsamide IV q12hrs for 2 days
A
Prednisolone orally q24hr for 14 days
14
Q
Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for diarrhea in 5 to 15 day old suckling pigs? Balantidium coli Eimeria debliecki Entamoeaba suis Isospora suis Tritrichomonas suis
A
Isospora suis
15
Q
The amino acid taurine is required in feline diets to prevent the development of which of the following? Cataracts Central retinal degeneration Corneal endothelial dystrophy Iris atrophy Optic disk coloboma
A
Central retinal degeneration
16
Q
A producer wants to minimize the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia in a flock of crossbred ewes. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation?
Add chloretracycline to the ration that is fed to the ewes in late gestation
Reduce feeding concentrates and limit exercise during the last trimester
Target genetic selection from the ewe flock and the breeding ram to produce single lambs rather than multiples
Target the plane of nutrition to avoid the extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewes
Vaccinate pregnant ewes with Clostridium perfringens types C and D approx 4 weeks before due to lamb
A
Target the plane of nutrition to avoid the extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewes
17
Q
Cytologic exam of feces from a cat with large bowel diarrhea shows many spore forming rods that are morphologically consistent w/ Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin producers. Which of the following drugs is NOT effective against this organism? Amoxicillin Ampicillin Cephalexin Enrofloxacin Metronidazole
A
Enrofloxacin-
Floroquinolones only affect GN and C. perfringens is GP anarobe
18
Q
The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of an anesthetic agent is a measure of which of the following?
Degree of solubility of the agent
Diffusion barrier for the agent b/t air and blood
Minimum measurement conc of the agent in exhaled air
Potency of the agent
Speed of induction of the agents
A
Potency of the agent
19
Q
A photo of an endoscopic view of the upper airway of a 5 yr old dutch warmblood gelding. It shows the larnyx with the left side flacid and the right side in normal position. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? Administer antimicrobial Prosthetic laryngoplasty Staphylectomy Sternothyroid myectomy Transection of the aryepiglottic fold
A
Prosthetic laryngoplasty
20
Q
In a budgerigar with gout, lab tests of serum are most likely to show an increase in which of the following? AST Ca conc Crea conc BUN conc Uric acid conc
A
Uric acid conc
21
Q
Several 1 month old calves are being evaluated bc of blood tinged, fetid diarrhea. The calves are treated with antimicrobial drugs and oral electrolyte fluids, but there are no signs of improvement. Fecal culture negative, however, many orgamisms are identified on fecal float as shown (circular ring with circle inside). Based on this sample, which is the most likely diagnosis? Coccidiosis Colibacillosis Giardiasis Helminthiasis Salmonellosis
A
coccidiosis- look up pic if needed
22
Q
The pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema and emphysema in the bovine most likely involves injury to pulmonary tissue by which of the following substances? Indole Indoleacetic acid I- Typtophan 3-Methylindole Volatile fatty acids
A
3-Methylindole
23
Q
Which of the following is the most common cause of death in male cat that had a urethral obstruction for 72 hrs? Hyperkalemia Ruptured bladder Metabolic acidosis Hypoglycemia Septicemia
A
Hyperkalemia
24
Q
A 6yr thoroughbred gelding was involved in a motor vehicle collision while riding in a trailer 3 weeks ago. PE shows healing superficial abrasions on face. A photo is shown with the right side of horses face hanging while the left side of the face is lifted upward. Injury to which of the following nerves is the most likely underlying cause of these findings? Left facial VII nerve Right facial VII nerve Left trigeminal V Right trigeminal V
A
Right facial VII nerve
25
```
A cat is being evaluated bc of rapidly growing nodules on the head. 2 of the nodules have ulcerated and are covered with a mucoid exudate. A photo of cells is shown with a thin circle in the center of a thick circle bordering it. What is the most likley causative organism?
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Histoplasma capsulatum
Sporothrix schenckii
```
Cryptococcus neoformans
26
```
A valuable 3 yr old angus bull is being evaluated bc of lameness of left hind. The bull will touch the toe to the ground but does not bear weight on foot. There is a large, smoot, pedunculated mass b/t the toes of the left hind limb. This mass is toughing the ground at the back of the interdigital space. The bull reacts painfully when the toes are pushed together. What is the appropriate management?
Application of tetracycline spray
Confining bull to a dry, clean paddock
Culling bull
Injection of systemic tetracycline
Surgical removal of mass
```
Surgical removal of mass
27
```
The owner of a 9 yr NM lab has found numerous piles of undigested food mixed with whitish foam throughout the house and yard over the past week. A radiograph of the thoracic cavity is shown... These findings are consistent with?
Aspiration pneumonia
Mediastinal mass
Megaesophagus
Primary pulmonary tumor
Pulmonary edema
```
Megaesophagus
28
```
5% of flock of 30,000 5 week old broiler chickens have sudden onset of diarrhea. On postmortem exam, birds are dehydrated; middle third of intestine is dilated and inflammed with bloody intestinal contents. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
Capillaria
Eimeria
Haemoproteus
Heterakis
Syngamus
```
Eimeria
29
Which is the most likely cause associated with Mycoplasma mastitis in bovine?
Access to swampy pastures
Ca Phos imbalance
Feeding moldy silage
Kiln dried sawdust bedding
Use of contaminated intramammary cannulas
Use of contaminated intramammary cannulas
30
```
Rotavirus infection involves which of the following areas of the GI tract in calves?
Duodenum only
Ileum only
Small intestine only
Large intestine only
Small and large intestine
```
Small and large intestine
31
```
Which of the following is the most likely cause of bilateral nasal discharge in a 4 month old cat?
Bacterial pneumonia
Cleft palate
Oronasal fistula
Viral pneumonia
Viral rhinitis
```
Viral rhinitis
32
```
A 10 yr old SF cat is being evaluated bc of suspected injury to both hindlimbs. The cat has been drinnking and urinating excessively for the past 2 months. She is walking in a plantigrade stance. Which of the following is most likely cause of the stance?
Bilateral Achilles tendon injury
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperadrenocorticism
Hyperthyroidism
Lumbar intervertebral disk disease
```
Diabetes mellitus
33
```
A 12 yr old SF cat has had inappetance for the past 2 weeks. On PE, a raised ulcerated mass is noted around 1st and 2nd molars of the lower jaw. There is blood in the saliva. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Acanthomatous epulis
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant melanoma
Osteosarcoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
```
Squamous cell carcinoma
34
```
Acetaminophen toxicity in cats is best treated with which of the following drugs?
Acetylcysteine
Diazepam
Dimenhydrinate
Doxapram
Doxorubicin
```
Acetylcysteine
35
```
A 66 pound dog is prescribed IV lactated ringers solution 1000mL to be administered over a 6hr period. If 1mL of fluid is delivered in 10 drops, which of the following is the most appropriate drip rate, rounded to the nearest whole number?
4 drops/min
28 drops/min
50 drops/min
120 drops/min
```
28 drops/min
36
On routine PE, a 2 yr old male Whippet is noted to have dark yellow stained teeth. The teeth have had this appearance since the dog was a puppy. The dogs diet consists of grocery store brand food. Which of the following is the most likely explaination of the discoloration of this dogs teeth?
Accumulation of tartar
Congenital defect in production of enamel
Diet low in Ca
Ingestion of cephalexin by the bitch during pregnancy
Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
37
```
In the dog, which of the following abnormalities is the most typical of estrogen toxicity?
Acute renal failue
Erythrocytosis
Hepatic necrosis
Seizures
Thrombocytopenia
```
Thrombocytopenia
38
```
Which of the following antibiotics will allow the sale of milk in the shortest time after use in cattle?
Ampicillin
Ceftiofur
Enrofloxacin
Ocytetracycline
Spectinomycin
```
Ceftiofur
39
```
In horses, which of the following is the most common site of osteochondritis dessicans of the hock?
Intermediate ridge of the tibia
Lateral ridge of the trochlea
Medial ridge of the trochlea
Sustentaculum
Third tarsal bone
```
Lateral ridge of the trochlea
40
A 7yr old bulldog used for breeding is polyuric, polydipsic and very depressed seven weeks after her last heat cycle. She is about 10% dehydrated. On PE, a large tubule structure is palpated in the midcaudal abdomen. Lab test shows elevated WBC with bands, increased BUN and creatinine. In addition to IV fluids, which of the following is most appropriate?
Administration of diethylstilbestrol for four days
Administration of prostaglandin F2alpha for three days
Oral antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks
Ovariohysterectomy
Uterine lavage
Ovariohysterectomy
41
```
A 1 yr old NM basset hound has been unable to close his mouth for the past 4 hrs. There is no hx of trauma. Pain is elicited on PE of the jaw, which is locked open at 45 degree angle and cannot be closed manually. The remainder of the PE is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?
Craniomandibular osteopathy
Masticatory myositis
Temporomandibular luxation
Tetanus
Zygomatic arch fracture
```
Temporomandibular luxation
42
```
A 3 week old hand fed cockatiel has had delayed crop emptying and a palpably thickened crop for 2 days. The bird has just started regurgitating. Cytologic exam of crop contents shows a large number of thick walled, budding organisms. Which of the following is the most likely diagonosis?
Candidiasis
Capillariasis
Chlamydiosis
Coccidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis
```
Candidiasis
43
```
In the dog, decreased skin elasticity is most likely associated with which of the following?
Acanthosis nigricans
Acromegaly
Hyperadrenocorticism
Seborrhea sicca
Sertoli cell tumor
```
Hyperadrenocorticism
44
```
A 7 yr lab has the sudden onset of stridor, cyanosis, and dyspnea that worsen with exercise. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
An elongated soft palate
Laryngeal paralysis
Oslerus osleri infection
Stenotic nares
Tracheal collapse
```
Laryngeal paralysis
45
```
A laboratory ferret should be routinely vaccinated against which of the following diseases?
Canine distemper
Feline panleuk
Feline viral rhinotracheitis
Infectious canine hepatitis
Mink enteris
```
Canine distemper
46
```
A mother claims her 6 yr old daughter has been diagnosed with "skin worms". She thinks her daughter contracted the worms from the family's new kitten. A photograph of the skin lesion is show on the neck, red and circular. Which of the following questions is the most appropriate to ask?
Are other family members affected?
Does the cat eat raw meat?
Does her daughter clean the litter pan?
Does her daughter walk barefoot outside?
Has the cat had fleas?
```
Are other family members affected?
47
```
At which of the following ages does the equine central incisor erupt?
2 1/2 years
3 1/2 years
4 1/2 years
5 1/2 years
6 1/2 years
```
2 1/2 years
48
```
An 8 yr NM Doberman Pinscher has had stranguria and hematuria for the past 3 days. On PE, the dog is depressed, dehydrated and hypothermic. The abdomen is tense on palpation. Which of the following conditions is evident in the abdominal radiograph shown? (it show a circular radio-opacity in the area of the bladder)
Prostatic hyperplasia
Prostatic neoplasia
TCC
Urethral calculi
Urethral stricture
```
Urethral calculi
49
```
In the dog, cancellous bone grafts are most likely are most commonly taken from which of the following areas?
Illiac crest
Ischium
Radius
Rib
Scapula
```
Illiac crest
50
A number of 3 week olld broilers have problems with lameness. Post mortem exam of representative birds shows swollen joints with a purulent exudate. Which is the most appropriate next step?
Add chlortetracycline to feed
Add vit D3 to feed
Add metronidazole to feed
Advise the owner to market the flock immediately
Report the findings to the state regulatory officials
Report the findings to the state regulatory officials
51
```
A 2 yr old male lab has had bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge for the past 2 months. The dog shows no systemic signs of illness. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Coccidiodomycosis
Cryptococcosis
Distemper
Nasal adenocarcinoma
Nasal aspergillosis
```
Nasal aspergillosis
52
A 4 yr old gelding that was castrated 12 hrs agp has persistent bleeding from the surgical site. Rectal temp 98.6F, HR 80bpm, RR 60bpm. PE shows pale mm, absence of intestinal borborygmi and CRT 3 sec. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Application of an elastrator band to the scrotal remnants
Drainage of the abdomen and autotransfusion
IV administration of heparin
IV administration of oxytoxin
Ligation of the bleeding vessel under anesthesia
Ligation of the bleeding vessel under anesthesia
53
A juvenile yellow-naped Amazon parrot dies 1 week after being acquired from a traveling bird dealer. Paramyxovirus 1 is identified by virus isolation subsequent to necropsy. 15 other parrots acquired at the same time appear healthy. Which is the most appropriate next step?
Advise the owner to be tested for dz
Euthanize all remaining birds, incinerate carcasses
Randomly select 2 birds for necropsy to confirm a problem with flock
Report finding to govt authorities
Treat remaining birds with acyclovir
Report finding to govt authorities
54
```
In a male cat with urethral obstruction, spiked T waves on an electrocardiogram are most likely caused by which of the following?
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Necrosis of cardiac muscle
Serum crea conc grater than 10mg/dl
Severe acidosis
```
Hyperkalemia
55
```
The manager of a large stud farm requests a consult to discuss possible prevention measures against West Nile virus. Which of the following management options is most appropriate?
Cotrol the possum population
Control white tailed deer population
Eliminate bird nesting areas on farm
Eliminate mosquito-breeding area on farm
Remove fecal piles from pastures
```
Eliminate mosquito-breeding area on farm
56
```
10-15% of the animals in a grower/finisher swine farm are anorectic and have temps greater than 106F. Several have died, and postmortem exam shows fibrous pleuritis and fibrohemorrhagic pneumonia lesions primarily in the diaphragmatic lung lobes. Which is the most likely cause?
Swine influenza
Haemophilus parasuis
Actinobacillus hyopneumoniae
Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
Pseudorabies virus
```
Actinobacillus hyopneumoniae
57
Based on the data, which test has the fewest false positive results?
AGID specificity 0.98
Fecal culture specificity 1.00
AGID
Fecal culture
Fecal culture
58
A horse photographed, shows a left head tilt with left facial drooping. He has appeared this was for 10 days without change. Which of the following pairs of cranial nerves is most likely affected?
Trochlear (IV) and abducens (VI)
Trigeminal (V) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X) and accessory (XI)
Facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
59
```
Which of the following is the most appropriate antibiotic for the treatment of beta-streptococcal pneumonia in horses?
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Gentimicin
Oxytetracycline
Penicillin
```
Penicillin
60
```
In the cat, fractures of which of the following bones are most amenable to cast fixation?
Femur
Humerus
Pelvis
Scapula
Tibia
```
Tibia
61
```
A 4yr old Guernsey cow dies while being treated for botulism. Which of the following is the most likely finding on postmortem exam?
Cerebral edema
Diffuse pallor of skeletal muscle
GI ulcers
Putrefying food in rumen
No distinguishing lesions
```
No distinguishing lesions
62
```
Several 4 month lambs from a group of 30 lambs are found dead in a pasture. On postmortem,, the carcasses are emaciated and the tissues appear pale. The abomasum contains red-brown fluid with numerous threadlike worms. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate in the treatment of the remaining lambs?
Amprolium
Clorsulon
Ivermectin
Monesin
Sulfadimethoxine
```
Ivermectin
63
```
Excessive intake of which of the following feed additives is most likely to result in signs of cardiac toxicity in feedlot cattle?
Ca phosphate
Chlortetracycline
Mg oxide
Monesin
Urea
```
Monesin
64
```
A 12yr M golden is being evaluated bc of 5 day hx severe weakness. PE and neuro exam show no abnormalities when the dog is rested. However, with minnimal exercise, the dog becomes progressively weak and eventually nonabmulatory. PE at that time shows bilateral facial paralysis, drooling, and decreased spinal reflexes with repeated stimulation. Muscle strength returns within minutes of resting. A challenge test with IV edrophonium chloride greatly increases the dogs muscle strength. Thoracic rads show megaesophagus and a large, poorly defined sft tissue mass in the cranial mediastinum. Which of the following is the most likely dx of the thoracic mass?
Chemodectoma
Lymphoma
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Thymoma
Thyroid carcinoma
```
Thymoma
65
```
Which of the following most closely approxamates the length of normal gestation in a cow in days?
63
114
280
300
330
```
280
66
```
A male dog is infected with Brucella canis. Which of the following is the most likely associated condition?
Balanoposthitis
Cystitis
Epididymitis
Myocarditis
Sinusitis
```
Epididymitis
67
```
A wild adult male mallard duck from a local marsh is evaluated bc of paresis of the legs and green diarrhea. During the next 24hrs, the duck develops paralysis of the wings, loses control of its neck, and dies. On postmortem exam, there are no gross or light microscopic abnormalities. Maggots are found in the proventriculus. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
Aspergillus fumigatus
Baylisascaris procyonis
Clostridium botulinum
Listeria monocytogenes
Toxoplasma gondii
```
Clostridium botulinum- AKA limberneck
68
```
In most areas in which Culicoides gnats are active, the best way to protect horses from being bitten is the stable the horses in a closed barn during which of the following times of day?
Dawn and daylight
Daylight
Dusk, dawn, daylight
Dusk, dawn, night
```
Dusk, dawn, night
69
```
A 2 yr old female guinea pig is being evaluated bc of a 24hr hx of abdominal straining and bloody vulvar discharge. The guinea pig lives with an intact male guinea pig but has never had a litter. Abdominal rads show fetal skeletons. Which of the following best explains the CSs in this guinea pig?
Dystocia
Fetal gigantism
Normal parturition
Spontaneous abortion
Vitamin C deficiency
```
Dystocia
70
A 12 yr old CM DSH has multiple small raised black swellings along the ventral mandible that have become coalesced in a black crusty exudate. When cleaned, the nodules readily bleed and exude a thick white material. The surrounding skin is dark pink and swollen. Which is the most appropriate to tell the owner about this cats condition?
Folliculitis can be treated with hot packs and topical meds
Pemphigus requires long term tx and relapse is common
Rodent ulcers respond favorably to systemic corticosteroids
Tooth-root abscesses are an indication that the tooth needs to be extracted
Folliculitis can be treated with hot packs and topical meds
71
```
In october, a client reports that pigs that have been in the grower barn for the past 2 week have gray, puddle forming feces. About 20% of the pigs are affected. Some of the pigs have recovered, but others are long haired, thin and smaller than the rest. An affected pig is euthanized for postmortem exam, which shows linear ulceration of the ileum with hypertrophy of the outer muscle coats. Which of the following is the most likely casual organism?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Isospora suis
Lawsonia intracellularis
Porcine rotavirus
Salmonella typhimurium
```
Lawsonia intracellularis
72
```
On exam of the cranial nerves in a 3 yr old female cat, the right pupil appears to be larger than the left pupil. The right pupil shows no response when light is shone into either eye. The left pupil constricts when light is shone into either eye. Mild ventrolateral strabismus is noted in the right eye only. These findings are most consistent with a lesion at which of the following locations?
Left occipital cortex
Right occipital cortex
Right optic (II) nerve
Right occulomotor (III) nerve
Right abducens (VI) nerve
```
Right occulomotor (III) nerve
73
Sexual receptivity in the mare is indicated by which of the following?
Excessive neighing
Increased froth in salivary gland secretions
Mounting of other females in estrus
Treading of the back legs
Urinating when the male approaches
Urinating when the male approaches
74
A 5 yr old female holstein is suspected of having tuberculosis. Which of the following diagnostic procedures is most appropriate?
Complement fixation test
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Intradermal tuberculin test
Serum neutralization test
Skin biopsy
Intradermal tuberculin test
75
Which of the following dz are most likely to cause chronic weight loss in a sheep?
Paratuberculosis, ovine progressive pneumonia, caseous lymphadenitis
Paratuberculosos, ovine progressive pneumonia, polioencephalomalacia
Scrapie, ovine progressive pneumonia, polioencephalomalacia
Scrapie, polioencephalomalacia, caseous lymphadenitis
Paratuberculosos, ovine progressive pneumonia, polioencephalomalacia
76
Which of the following best describes the results expected on clinical pathology in a dog with a portosystemic shunt?
Increased ALT, decreased packed cell volume, bilirubinuria
Increased ALP, increased serum protein conc, isosthenuria
Increased serum bile acid conc, decreased BUN, ammonium biurate crystals in urine
Increased serum crea, increased serum cholesterol, struvites in urine
Increased serum bile acid conc, decreased BUN, ammonium biurate crystals in urine
77
```
A 12yr old throroughbred mare used for dressage has weight loss, diarrhea, colic. The horse has hx of chronic lameness that requires daily phenylbutazone therapy. HR and RR are increased. PE shows injected sclerae. CRT 3 sec. The horse dies and postmortem exam is performed. What is the most likely explaination?
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Intestinal lymphoma
Potomac horse fever
Right dorsal colitis
```
Right dorsal colitis
| NSAIDs cause ULCERS in RIGHT DORSAL COLON!!!! Phenylbutazone
78
```
A dog is accidentally injected with 2ml of 100mg/ml equine preparation of xylazine instead of the appropriate 20mg/ml preparation. Which of the following drugs would most directly neutralize the adverse effects of this overdose of xylazine?
Atropine
Diazepam
Nalophine
Naloxone
Yohimbine
```
Yohimbine
79
```
A 10 yr old NM DSH is brought to the clinic bc he seemed to be blind for the past 5 days. The cat has a 1 yr hx of renal dz that has been treated with low protein diet for the past 8 months. Which of the following is the most likely finding on ophthalmologic exam?
Central retinal degeneration
Diffuse chorioretinitis
Diffuse retinal atrophy
Retinal detachment
Optic neuritis
```
Retinal detachment
80
```
What structure attaches to the caudal aspect of the coffin bone in a horse?
Cunean tendon
Deep digital flexor tendon
Distal sesamoidean ligament
Superficial digital flexor tendon
Suspensory ligament
```
Deep digital flexor tendon
81
A queen at 63 days gestation has had strong, nonproductive contractions for the past 60 mins. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
Abdominal rads
Administration of epidural anesthesia
Administration of oxytocin 5U IM
Cesarean section
Monitoring the cat for another 2 to 3 hrs
Abdominal rads
82
```
Polyradiculoneuritis in the dog is best characterized by which of the following?
Flaccid tetraparesis
Grand mal szs
Spastic tetraparesis
Tetany
Tonic clonic spasms
```
Flaccid tetraparesis
coonhound paralysis
hunting dogs exposed to racoons
83
```
A 4 yr old commercial crossbred beef cow is found lethargic and standing alone 18 hours after escaping from her pasture to an area with access to ground corn. The cow appears 8% dehydrated. On PE, rectal temp is 102F, HR is 124bpm, RR 40bpm. The rumen is mildly distended. No rumen contractions are auscultated, but splashing and gurgling sounds are heard over the rumen. No gas or fluid is collected when a stomach tube is passed. When the tube is removed, the end is clogged with a micture of rumen contents and ground corn. Which of the following is the most likely pH from a rumenocentesis sample?
4
6
8
10
```
4
84
```
An asympomatic 1 year old WHWT has multiple wartlike growths ranging from 3-8mm in diameter along the oral cavity. What is the most appropriate management?
Benign neglect
Chemo
Cryotherapy
Surgical excision
```
Surgical excision is the best answer- test to make sure they are benign papillomas
they do regress... so tricky answer with benign neglect
85
```
A cat is vocalizing, unable to move its rear legs, appears to be in acute pain. The cat was previously dx with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that has been clinically controlled with furosemide and dilitiazem. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Cardiogenic shock
Congestive heart failure
Diltiazem toxicity
Pumlonary edema
Thromboembolic disease
```
Thromboembolic disease
86
```
A group of Holstein heifers are found to have small, firm lumps along their dorsum this spring. The heifers were on pasture last summer. Which of the following management changes, if implemented last summer or fall, could have prevented this condition?
Administer fenbendazole
Administer ionophores
Administer ivermectin
Clipping pastures
Fencing off ponds
```
Administer ivermectin
87
```
The most serious limitation of the use of amphotericin B to treat mycotic pneumonia in the cat is development of which of the following?
Aspiration pneumonia
Chemical cystitis
Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Nonreg anemia
```
Nephrotoxicity
88
```
Which of the following is the most likely causitive organism of pyoderma in the dog?
Dermatophilus congolensis
Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas mallei
Staph epidermidis
Staph intermedius
```
Staph intermedius
89
```
Which of the following dz is zoonosis?
Eysipeloid
Glassers dz
Porcine pleuropneumonia
Swine dysentery
Swinepox
```
Eysipeloid
90
```
A 2 yr old yorkie has been dx with intenstinal lymphangiectsia. Which of the following hematologic findings is most consistent with this condition?
Eosinophilia
Lymphocytosis
Lymphopenia
Neutropenia
Neutrophilia
```
Lymphopenia
91
```
Which of the following is the most likely finding if facial (VII) nerve in the dog is damaged during total ear canal ablation?
Circling and ataxia
Head tilt
Inability to blink eye
Loss of pain perception of face
Loss of PLR
```
Inability to blink eye
92
```
A 12 yr old MN DSH cat is weak, depressed, lethargic and anorectic 16 hr after he was given 160mg of actyaminphen for DJD. His HR is 220bpm, RR 72bpm. 5% dehydrated. Which of the following is the most likely finding on complete blood count?
Anemia
Dohle bodies
Howell Jolly bodies
Neutrophilia
Thrombocytopenia
```
Anemia
93
```
In advanced cases of diarrhea in calves, which of the following electrolyte most often paradoxically shows a whole body loss but a concurrent increase in plasma conc?
Bicarb
Ca
Cl
K
Na
```
K
94
```
A 3 month jersey heifer calf is being evaluated bc she is constantly humped up, straining, dribbling urine. The owner noticed that urine was dripping from the calfs navel for a few days after she was born. Calf is BAR, good body condition, shiny haircoat. Free catch urine sample only showed 1+ blood on dipstick. Urine sediment primarily showed RBCs and a few WBCs. BUN dipstick on whole blood shows no color change. Which additional dx test is most likley to establish a dx?
Abdominal US
Analysis of peritoneal fluid
Karyotyping
Measurement of whole blood selenium conc
Serum biochem profile
```
Abdominal US
95
```
On PE of a green iguna, which of the following findings indicated weight loss?
Dull coloration
Flaky skin
Reduction of epaxial muscle mass
Sunken eyes
Tenting of skin
```
Reduction of epaxial
96
```
A 5yr old NM DSH cat is being evaluated bc of difficulty breathing. A cardiac gallop and fine rales in the dorsohilar regions of the lungs are heard on ascultation. Thoracic rads show moderate cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary edema. An echo shows presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy?
Digoxin and captopril
Digoxin and furosemide
Diltiazem and furosemide
Procainamide and captopril
Propanolol and quinidine
```
Diltiazem and furosemide
97
```
Which of the following organisms is most commonly isolated from the urine of dogs with urinary tract infections?
Citrobacter
Escherichia
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Streptococcus
```
Escherichia coli
98
A 2yr dachshund has had midline ventral cervical swelling for the past week. On PE, the swelling is fluctuant, and clear viscous fluid is aspirated. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Marsupialization of the mandibular salivary gland and drainnage of the mucocele
Removal of the mandibular and parotid salicary glands and marsupialization of the mucocele
Removal of the mandibular and parotid salicary glands and marsupialization of the mucocele
this is a salivary mucocele
99
Which of the following best describes the estrous cycle of domestic cats?
Nonseasonal, biestrus, spontaneous ovulator
Seasonal, polyestrus, induced ovulator
Non seasonal, polyestrus, spontaneous ovulator
Nonseasonal, biestrus, induced ovulator
Seasonal, polyestrus, induced ovulator
100
```
Which of the following is the most characteristic hematologic finding in cats with FIP?
Anemia
Eosinophilia
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
```
Leukopenia
101
A vet makes a tentative dx of foot and mouth dz in multiple dairy herds. All involved farmers are his clients. The necessary officials are appropriately notified. They confirm FMD and believe it is likely an agroterrorist event. Federal agents arrive at the scene. Of the following, who is in charge of this situation?
The federal law enforcement agents bc it is a potential terrorist event
The state/province or federal vet bc he/she has local jurisdiction
The vet bc the farmers are his clients
The vet bc there are confidentiality issues
The federal law enforcement agents bc it is a potential terrorist event
102
```
Several young chicken hens in a small flock of brown egg layers have decreased body weight and paresis of the legs. The flock has recieved no vxs or meds. Postmortem exam of several affected hens shows eye lesions identical to the photo (one brown eye, one grey eye with small pupil), unilaterally swollen sciatic nerves, and white to tan masses within the liver, spleen and ovaries. Which of the following best describes the lesion in the eye on the right (the grey eye)?
Bacterial panopthalmitis
Congential cataract
Congential microphthalmia
Mycotic ulcerative keratitis
Viral lymphomatous iridocyclitis
```
Viral lymphomatous iridocyclitis
103
```
A 3 yr old horse with a hx of strangles now has swollen painful extremities, ventral and submandibular edema, and petichia of the mm. Which of the following is most likely?
Lymphangitis
Systemic erythematosus
Equine infectious anemia
Purpura hemorrhagica
Equine viral arteritis
```
Purpura hemorrhagica
104
```
A steer that is unable to regulate rumen gas expulsion has been treated for the past several weeks. The recurrence of the problem led to the tx as shown in the photo. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the chronic, nonresponsive nature of the condition?
Acute, local peritonitis
Chronic pericarditis
Continued legume diet
A diaphragmatic hernia
Vagus (X) nerve damage
```
Vagus (X) nerve damage
Type 1 vagal indigestion- failure to eructate = rumen fistula
rumenotomy
105
Over the past 2 w a boar has had a high % of proximal and distal droplets in his semen. The overall motility of the last collection is 50%. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Administer a broad spectrum antibiotic to tx infection
Collect semen from the boar more frequently to eliminate affected sperm
Cull the boar bc this condition will likely worsen
Do not change anything bc this condtion will improve over time
Suspend collecting semen from the boar for 3 weeks
Cull the boar bc this condition will likely worsen
106
Several cows in a herd of beef cows have shown neuro signs over the past 24hrs and one cow has died. Some affected cows have muscle twitching and a stiff gait, while others exhibbit muscle spasms, incoordination and recumbency with tetany. The standing cows are aggressive when approached. All the cows have calved w/in the past month and are grazing lush, heavily fertilized fescue pasture. Which of the following next steps is most appropriate for preventing this problem from developing in the remaining herd?
Administering booster of clostridial vx
Administer B vit
Mowing pasture
Adding palatable magnesium supplement to feed
Spraying the pasture with poloxalene
Adding palatable magnesium supplement to feed
107
```
A 2 month holstein calf is being evaluated bc of inappetence and depression. Rectal temp is 104, HR is 110 and RR 50. On PE, the oral mucous membranes are jaundice with peticheal hemorrhages. Urinalysis shows protein and hemoglobin. Milking herd records show several recent abortions at approx 7 months gestation. Which of the following tests is most likely to confirm the diagnosis?
Conjunctival swab
Darkfield exam of urine
Fecal swab
Micro exam of blood
Nasal swab
```
Darkfield exam of urine
foothill- epizootic abortion
108
A 3yr female goat has a baseball sized swelling at the caudal aspect of the right ramus of the mandible. A 4 yr female goat has a similar sized immediately cranial to the left scapula. These two does were purchased from a sale yard approx on month ago and added to the herd. Aspiration of both swellings yeilds creamy, white, odorless pasty material. Culture of this material yields more than 1000 colony forming Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step in management?
All these animals to commingle with the herd to help booster immunity of the herd to the dz
Inform the owners of the zoonotic potential of this dz
Isolate these 2 animals from the other members of the herd
Treat the herd with an antibiotic with activity against gram neg bacteria
No further management is necessary
Isolate these 2 animals from the other members of the herd
109
A right to left shunt in the heart of a dog is most likely to be seen in which of the following conditions?
Interatrial septal defect and left ventricular hypertrophy
Interatrial septal defect only
Interventricular septal defect and aortic stenosis
Interventricular septal defect only
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
110
```
Which of the following antimicrobial protocols is most likely to prevent infection related to surgical repair of femoral fracture in a cat?
PO before surgery
SQ before sx
IV at induction
IM during surgery
PO after sx
```
IM during surgery
111
Which of the following is the most reasonable estimation of a dogs blood volume?
40mL/lb (88mL/kg)
50mL/lb (110mL/kg)
65mL/lb (143mL/kg)
40mL/lb (88mL/kg)
112
A vet surgeon offers to send a local vet a $25 referral fee for each animal that is referred to him. There are no other vet surgeons in the area. The surgeon states that this is a way of recognizing referring vets. Which of the following statements is true regarding payment for referrals?
Before accepting, the local vet should explore other referral options to ensure that the payment offer does not influence his decision
The surgeon should offer an equal referral fee or % to all referring vets
This is an effective marketing technique that can also be used with client referrals
This is an unethical practice according to the vet code of ethics
This is an unethical practice according to the vet code of ethics
113
```
Both congential and acquired megaesophagus in the dog are most frequently complicated by which of the following conditions?
Aspiration pneumonia
Esophageal perforation
Gastroesophageal reflux
Hiatal hernia
```
Aspiration pneumonia
114
Three quarters of the animals in a litter of 6 week old pigs have small papules or ring shaped scaly plaques on the abdomen, in the groin, on the inner thigh. The presumptive dx is pityriasis rosea. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice to give the farmer?
Pour on organophospahate tx will kill the lice and result in clinical improvement in one to two weeks
Aggressive topical tx of the mycotic infection w/ nystatin will resolve the problem in 2-3 weeks
Supplementation with zinc will compensate for the dietary deficiency, and the animals will recover in 3-4 weeks
Treatment is unnecessary, and the pigs will recover in 8-10 weeks
Treatment is unnecessary, and the pigs will recover in 8-10 weeks
115
3 cows in a 200 cow dairy have died of lymphoma over the past 4 months. Which of the following is the most feasible and effective method to prevent spread of the causative agent within the herd?
Add new genetics to the herd by embryo transfer only
Cull offspring of clinically affected cows
Prevent exposure of calves and heifers to manure from adult cows
Test all cows and slaughter any with antibodies to the causative agent
Use a new sterile needle to medicate each animal
Test all cows and slaughter any with antibodies to the causative agent
116
```
A 19 yr old shetland pony has a 3 year hx of excessive urination combined with failure to shed the winter coat. The pony has a full winter coat in August that the owner keeps clipped to prevent heat stroke. Which of the following tests is most likely to confirm diagnosis?
Dex suppression test
D-xylose absorption test
Fractional urinary sodium excretion
Glucose tolerance test
Thyroid stim test
```
Dex suppression test
117
On antemortem inspection of a cow at a slaughter facility, the left eye appears to have been enucleated. The cow otherwise seems in good physical condition. Which of the following is the most appropriate next action?
Condemn the cow at antemortem for suspected neoplasm before slaughter
Identify the cow as suspect, perform post mortem exam at slaughter
Perform physical exam, release the cow for slaughter if the findings are normal
Release the cow for slaughter bc there is no sign of active dz
Return cow to point of origin bc it did not pass inspection
Identify the cow as suspect, perform post mortem exam at slaughter
118
```
In the cat, aortic thromboembolic dz (saddle thrombus) is most frequently associated with which condition?
Budd-chiari syndrome
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Pulmonic stenosis
Tricuspid insufficiency
```
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
119
```
A horse has progressive asymmetric neuro dysfunction evidenced by weakness, ataxia and muscle wasting. Which of the following is the most likely dx?
Cauda equina neuritis
Equine herpes myeloencephalopathy
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
Equine viral encephalomyelitis
Streptococcal meningitis
```
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
EPM = ASYMMETRIC neuro dysfunction
120
A 4 yr old male lab has been anorectic for the past 3 days. Temp 103.6F. On PE, the dog does not allow the mouth to be opened and palpation of the temporal area elicits pain. Lab tests show mild leukocytosis and increased serum crea. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Acepromazine
Methocarbamol
Prednisolone
Manually force jaws open under anesthesia
Perform temporal myotomy
Prednisolone
121
```
Rectal palpation of a cow 30 days post partum demonstrates an enlarged fluid filled uterus. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy?
Ca gel orally
Estrogen intramuscularly
Gonadotropin releasing hormone IV
Luteinizing hormone IV
Prostaglandin F2alpha IM
```
Prostaglandin F2alpha IM
122
```
A 9 month old male husky is being evaluated bc of a cough of 2 weeks duration. The lesions at the carina are seen on bronchoscopic exam (several round nodules). Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
Amoxicillin
Chlorpheniramine
Dextromethorphan
Ivermectin
Prednisone
```
Ivermectin
123
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment of luteal cysts in a cow 90 days postpartum?
Administer estradiol valerate
Administer progesterone
Administer prostaglandin F2alphha IM
Administer prostaglandin F2alpha intrauterine
Manual rupture
Administer prostaglandin F2alphha IM
124
```
An amazon parrot that was recently acquired from a pet shop is being evaluated bc of diarrhea, anorexia, depression, biliverdinuria. Complete blood count shows leukocytosis with heterophilia and monocytosis. Serum AST is increased. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Chlamydiosis
Hepatic lipidosis
Plumbism
Psittacine beak and feather dz
Sarcocytosis
```
Chlamydiosis
125
```
In the dog, injury to which of the following nerves is most likely to account for the observed sign of walking on the dorsum of the front paw?
Lateral thoracic
Median
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Ulnar
```
Radial
126
```
Which of the following is the most appropriate medium for floatation in order to dx infection with giardia spp from cysts in fecal samples from a dog?
10% formalin
Hypertonic sodium chloride
0.9% sodium chloride
Zinc sulfate
```
Zinc sulfate
127
A lactating dairy cow is being examined 90 days after calving bc of a swollen quarter. Milk from the affected quarter is watery and contains clots and flakes. The quarter was treated for mastitis 30 days ago with an approved intramammary preparation of erythromycin. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
Administeration of a broad spectrum systemic antibiotic
Collection of a milk sample for culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing
Intramammary administration of an antibiotic effective againast gram neg bact
Use of a california mastitis test on a sample of milk from affected quarter
Collection of a milk sample for culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing
128
```
A cockatiel is being treated with oral antibiotics, and the owner has been instructed to discontinue Ca supplementation during this time. Which of the following antibiotics is most likely being used?
Amoxicillin
Chloramphenicol
Chlortetracycline
Enrofloxacin
Trimethoprim sulfadiazine
```
Chlortetracycline
129
In the bitch, cystic hyperplasia/pyometra is most likely associated with which of the following?
Pituitary ovary uterus endocrine dysfunction
Regression of corpus luteum
Retained placenta
Venereal spread
Viral infection
Pituitary ovary uterus endocrine dysfunction
130
```
Which of the following is the most common urolith mineral in cats on an acidifying diet?
Ammonium acid urate
Ca oxalate
Ca phos
Mg aluminum phos
Uric acid
```
Ca oxalate
131
```
A 4 yr SF maine coon has an excessively matted haircoat, moderate accumulation of dental tartar, and a severe peridontal inflammation. The gingival sulci surrounding both lower third premolars are red and swollen. When these areas are probed, the cat reacts in pain; defects in both teeth at the level of the cemento-enamel junctions are noted. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this cats pain?
Calicivirus gingivitis
Lymphocytic plasmacytic stomatitis
Odontoclastic resorption
Periapical abscesses
Supragingival and sublingual calculus
```
Odontoclastic resorption
132
A 3 yr old F DSH is being evaluated bc of a 3 day hx of anorexia and depression. The cat is dyspneic. A lateral radiograph of the thorax is shown (very opaque thorax, soft tissue opacity). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
Bronchial lavage
Bronchoscopy
Fine needle aspiration of lung parenchyma
Thoracocentesis
Tracheal wash
Thoracocentesis
133
```
A dog is being evaluated after accidental ingestion of an organophosphate spray conc. Clinical exam shows pupillary dilation, muscle tremors, and excessive salivation. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial therapy?
Acepromazine
Atropine
Epinephrine
Heparin
Vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
```
Atropine
134
```
A 1 yr Persion cat has had generalized pruritis, a scaly haircoat, diffuse alopecia for the past 2 and a half weeks. Tiny white flakes are seen on exam of haircoat. The client has a pruritic rash on the arms and trunk. Which of the following studies is most likely to yield evidence of an etiologic agent?
Bacterial culture
Cellophane tape strip test
Fungal culture
Skin biopsy
Woods lamp exam
```
Cellophane tape strip test
135
Exam of an adult horse reveals unilateral epiphora and no other occular abnormalities. Which of the following is the next step?
Culture the tears
Flush the nasolacrimal duct
Place fly ointment around the eye
Place the horse in a dark envir for several days
Treat with topical anti-inflammatory
Flush the nasolacrimal duct
Epiphora is an overflow of tears onto the face. A clinical sign or condition that constitutes insufficient tear film drainage from the eyes in that tears will drain down the face rather than through the nasolacrimal system.
**never use steroids if ulcer is present**
136
```
In the dog, which of the following is a paraneoplastic condition that is most often assoicated with mastocytosis?
Gastric hyperacidity
Hypercalcemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypokalemia
Metabolic acidosis
```
Gastric hyperacidity
Mastocytosis is a condition that occurs when mast cells accumulate in skin and/or internal organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and small intestines
137
```
A litter of 3 6 week old male feral kittens is brought to the clinic bc they have had difficulty walking in a straight line and have had tremors when they have attempted to walk and stand. The client states that these problems first appeared when the kittens began to walk and that they have not gotten worse. The kittens are eating and growing well. PE shows that the kittens are BAR. Their size is appropriate for their age. Neuro exam shows quadrilateral ataxia and intention tremors. No additional abnormalities are detected. Prenatal or neonatal infection with which of the following viruses is most likely responsible for these clinical signs?
Calicivirus
Coronavirus
FeLV
Herpesvirus
Parvovirus
```
Parvovirus
138
Guttural pouch tympany in the horse is most often the result of which of the following?
A congenital malfunction of the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
Cranial nerve trauma
Fistula of the auditory tube and trachea
Infection of the gutteral pouch with gas forming organisms
Traumatic pharyngitis
A congenital malfunction of the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
139
A 6 yr brood mare at a breeding farm is depressed and reluctant to move 2 days postpartum. On exam, the feet are warm with obvious pulsation of the digital arteries. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Administer oxytocin 60IU SQ
Examine repro tract
Obtain lateral rads of front feet and rear feet
Wean the foal and start mare on hay only diet
Examine repro tract
140
```
The owner of a horse and cattle ranch has red, flaky patches on his arms and face. One of his horses is shown in a photo with loss of hair around its eye and temporal bone. The owner reports that only the younger horses have the lesions. The horses have no evidence of pruritis or other adverse effects. Which of the following is the most likely dx?
Dermatophilosis
Dermatophytosis
Pemphigus foliaceus
Staphyloccocal folliculitis
```
Dermatophytosis- fungal
141
Which of the following is the most frequent cause of iatrogenic mandibular fractures that occur during dental procedures?
Burring of the pulp cavity during endodontic therapy
Extraction of the mandibular canine teeth
Positioning of the mouth prop or speculum in aged cats
Removal of alveolar bone during extraction
Sectioning of the crown of the birooted mandibular first molar
Extraction of the mandibular canine teeth
142
In a dog with an osteosarcoma in the proximal tibia, metastasis is most likely to occur in which of the following areas?
Inguinal LN
Lungs
Popliteal LN
Sacral spine
Soft tissue distant from the promary tumor
Lungs
143
A flock of 20,000 8 week old turkeys has a sudden 10% increase in mortality. PE of the birds shows neurologic disease, respiratory tract disease, diarrhea and depression. Post mortem exam of afftected birds shows hemorrhage in the intestines and trachea and peticheal hemorrhages in the liver, spleen, and abdominal fat. Which of the following in the most appropriate next step?
Add dicalcium phosphate to feed
Add tetracycline to drinking water
Depopulate the flock
Immunize the flock against infectious laryngotracheitis
Report the findings to regulatory officials
Report the findings to regulatory officials
144
On PE of a 24 hr old foal, temp is 101F, HR 80, RR 48. The foal is slightly lethargic and shows marked icterus. Neonatal isoerythrolysis is suspected. Which of the following recommendations should be made to prevent this occurence at the next foaling?
Breed the mare to a related stallion
Do not allow foal to nurse for 6 hours, provide plasma transfusion
Do not allow foal to nurse for 18 hours, provide alternative source of colostrum
Give the foal plasma orally, then allow it to nurse
No changes are necessary, as the situation is unlikely to recur
Do not allow foal to nurse for 18 hours, provide alternative source of colostrum
145
```
Which of the following is the most appropriate drug for the long term treatment of a cat with idiopathic epilepsy?
Acepromazine
Meperidine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Primidone
```
Phenobarbital
146
```
On a yearly pregnancy exam of a beef herd, a very high number of cows are found to be open or at an earlier stage of pregnancy than expected. PE of several cows shows a mucopurulent vaginal discharge suggestive of pyometra and endometritis. Microscopic exam of the discharge from an affected cow using wet mount shows rapidly swimming organisms with multiple flagella and an undulating membrane. Which of the following is the most likley causitive organism?
Camplyobacter fetus subsp venerealis
Giardia intestinalis
Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona
Treponema
Tritrichomonas foetus
```
Tritrichomonas foetus
147
```
A 4yr DSH cat of unknown blood type requires a blood transfusion. Which of the following is the universal feline donor?
A
B
AB
O
No feline universal donor is known
```
No feline universal donor is known
148
```
Which of the following is a major clinical sign of hepatic encephalopathy in cats that is observed much less commonly in dogs?
Ataxia
Depression
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Ptyalism
```
Ptyalism- drooling
149
```
7 first lactation cows and 4 second lactation cows that reside on a 65 cow dairy farm have voluminour, pea-soupy feces two days after the tie stall dairy in northern Vermont ws "closed up" for the winter. The herd is a total of mixed ration of corn silage, hay crop silage, custom grain mix, all formulated and monitored by local grain company representative. Herd consumption of feed is decreased, and the daily shipment of bulk-tank milk is decreased by 20%. One affected animal has a temp of 104 and a heart rate of 90. The other 10 animals have normal temp and pulse and RR. Which is the most likley dx?
Acute salmonellosis
Bovine virus diarrhea
Paratuberculosis
Simple indigestion
Winter dysentery
```
Winter dysentery
150
```
Monoclonal gammopathy w/ hyperviscosity syndrome is most likely associated with which of the following in the dog?
Chronic active hepatitis
Demodectic mange
Lymphoma
Pyometra
Systemic fungal dz
```
Lymphoma
151
```
A 2 yr Doberman Pinscher has a cutaneous tumor on the side of the left cheek. Which of the following is the most likely type of tumor?
Apocrine adenocarcinoma
Hemangioma
Histiocytoma
Lymphoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
```
Histiocytoma
152
```
Which of the following metabolic disturbances are most likely to develop following rupture of the urinary bladder in the neonatal foal?
Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis
Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia alkalosis
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, alkalosis
```
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, alkalosis
153
```
A prairie dog that was caught in the wild is being evaluated bc of anorexia. The owner should be cautioned that the prairie dog may be a carrier of which of the following infectious agents?
Baylisascaris procyonis
Listeria monocytogenes
Staphlococcus aureus
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Yersinia pestis
```
Yersinia pestis
154
```
In the horse, the suspensory ligament of the spleen attaches the spleen to what structure?
Caudate lobe of liver
Left lobe of liver
Left kidney
Right kidney
```
Left kidney
155
```
The condition of the 2 month old colt shown (extreme valgus) has progressively worsened since the colt was turned onto pasture with the dam. Which of the following areas of the tibia is most likely affected?
Distal physis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Proximal physis
```
Proximal physis
growth plate injury
156
The CNS clinical signs associated with "salt poisoning" in pigs are primarily due to which of the following?
Demyelination of spinal and peripheral nerves
Edema, degenerative changes, pressure necrosis of cerebrum
High conc of circulating chloride ion that causes direct necrosis of neurons
High conc of circulating sodium ion that cause direct necrosis of neurons
Liquefactive necrosis of grey matter of the cerebellum
Edema, degenerative changes, pressure necrosis of cerebrum
157
```
A 16 yr old cat with a hx of vomiting is being evaluated bc it has not eaten for the past several days. The cat is about 2lbs underweight and appears severely dehydrated. They kidneys are firm and small on palpation. When rehydrating this cat with an IV infusion of lactated ringers solution, which of the following serum conc is most likely to become deficient?
Ca
Cl
Phos
K
Na
```
Cl
158
```
During normal calving, which of the following is the correct presentation and position of the fetus?
Anterior, longitudinal, dorsopubic
Anterior, longitudinal, dorsosacral
Posterior, longitudinal, dorsopubic
Posterior, longitudinal, dorsosacral
```
Posterior, longitudinal, dorsosacral
159
Which of the following samples has the highest probablilty of providing a positive isolation of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus?
A nasal swab from a cow that died after being sick for 3 weeks
A nasal swab from a cow that has been off feed for a week, with a temp of 103, fibropurulent nasal discharge
A nasal swab from a cow with a temp of 107 and serous nasal discharge
An occular swab from a cow with 10 days hx conjunctivitis
A vaginal swab from cow with purulent discharge
A nasal swab from a cow with a temp of 107 and serous nasal discharge
160
```
Cages and equipment exposed to a cat infected with feline panleukopenia virus are most effectively decontaminated by thorough cleaning with which of the following?
Alcohol solution
Phenol based disinfectants
Quartermary ammonium compounds
Sodium hypochlorite solution
Strong detergent
```
Quartermary ammonium compounds
161
```
5% of a flock of 200 cross bred ewes that are due to lamb w/in the next 30 days are anorectic and depressed. 3 of the animals appear blind. Vital are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Assess the biosecurity program
Assess the environment
Review the breeding program
Review the ration
Review the vaccination program
```
Review the ration
162
```
A 2 yr DSH is being evaluated for inability to urinate. On exam, cat has a large bladder that is easily expressed. Tail is limp, no voluntary movement. Anal tone is normal. These findings are most consistent with?
Cauda equina syndrome
Fibrocartilaginous emboli
Lumbosacral instability
Protrusion of intervetebral disk
Traumatic damage to sacral nerves
```
Traumatic damage to sacral nerves
163
```
Clinical signs of ketosis in the bovine are most commonly observed at which of the following times?
3m before parturition
3w before parturition
3d before parturition
3w after parturition
3m after parturition
```
3w after parturition
164
A client observed a flat, segmented white worm on feces passed by her 3 yr old mixed breed dog. In addition to treating w/ praziquantel, the client should be advised to do what?
Find and eliminate areas of stagnant water where mosquitoes breed
Inform her doctor that she has been exposed
Initiate a flea control and prevention program
Put out rat bait to limit the source
Remove all fecal material from the yard on a daily basis
Initiate a flea control and prevention program
165
```
A group of dairy calves housed outdoors in hutches have developed profuse, watery diarrhea. CS start 10-15 days, morbidity rate has been nearly 100%, however mortality rate less than 10%. The feces are milky white to grey in color. Temp range from 101 to 102.5F. The owner has been treating the animals with additional fluids and electrolytes, and most recover w/in 7 days. Which is the most likely causative organism?
Clostridium perfringens type C or D
Cryptosporidium parvum
Enteropathogenic E coli
Salmonella
```
Cryptosporidium parvum
166
Which of the following mechanisms is the most likely cause of infertility in mares with pneumovagina?
Increased serum prostaglandin F2alpha conc
Inhibit of luteinizing hormone
Secondary endometritis
Semen lostt
Secondary endometritis
167
```
A 5 yr old holstein cow has had partial anorexia and poor milk production for several weeks. PE shows a firm, enlarged supramammary lymph node that is not inflamed or painful when palpated. Rectal exam demonstrates a firm, 4 cm mural mass on right uterine horn. What is the likely dx?
Caseous lymphadenitis
Lymphangiectasia
Lymphoma
Septicemia
Uterine abscess
```
Uterine abscess
168
```
The gross lesions of African swine fever are most likely to be confused with lesions caused by which of the following pathogens?
Eryipelothrix
Haemophilus
Hog cholera
Pasteurella
Psenudorabies
```
Hog cholera
169
```
A round ulcerated lesion on the distal leg of a horse is most likely due to?
Dermatophilosis
Habronemiasis
Melanoma
Papillomatosis
```
Habronemiasis
170
```
A client returns home from work to find her 5 yr NM cat waiting to go outside. The cat is dragging its hindlimbs and crying as if in pain. The cat acted normally when let outside in the morning. On PE, hindlimbs are stiff and colder than forelimbs. Which of the following is the most likely dx?
Bite wound in lumbosacral region
Spinal fracture
Spinal lymphoma
Fibrocartilaginous embolism
Aortic thromboembolism
```
Aortic thromboembolism
171
```
A 12 yr mini poodle with left heart failure caused by mitral valve insufficiency is being treated with furosemide and enalapril. The CS resolved during the first 2 months of treatment but have recurred in the past 48hrs, and the dog now has pulmonary edema and atrial fibrillation. Which of the following agents should be added to this dogs existing treatments?
Digoxin
Lidocaine
Nitroprusside
Propranolol
Quinidine
```
Digoxin
172
The finding of glucosuria in a 6 week old lamb with very good BCS would be presumptive evidence of?
Diabetes
Leptospirosos
Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens D
Renal abscess
Vit B (thiamine) deficiency
Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens D
173
```
A 12 yr spayed Himalayan queen has bilaterally detached retinas. Which of the following is the most common underlying cause of this finding?
Hyperadrenocorticism
Hyperinsulinism
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypertension
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
```
Hypertension
174
A 3yr thoroughbred gelding has had lethargy and a poor appetite for the past 2 weeks. Temp 101.4, HR 42, RR 16. PE shows mild depression, exposure keratitis of right eye, head tilt, with the poll displaced to the right. The muzzle is deviated to the left, lower lip is flaccid and dropping. Which is the most appropriate next step?
Electromyography
Endoscopic eval of larynx
Eval of aspirate from temporomandibular joint
Nerve conduction velocity tests
Skull rads
Electromyography
175
A 4 yr mixed breed dog has had diarrhea and weight loss for the past 8 weeks. Diarrhea is characterized by increased volume of feces w/out mucus or blood. The dog defecates approx 3x/day w/o tenesmus. Results of CBC, serum biochem, trypsin, urinalysis all normal. Multiple fecal samples negative for parasites and pathogenic bacteria. Which of the following steps is most likely to confirm dx?
Administer anti inflam pred
Colonoscopy
Initiation of highly digestible diet
Measurement of serum cobalamin and folate conc
Upper GR endoscopy w/ biopsies of stomach and duodenum
Measurement of serum cobalamin and folate conc
176
```
A 7yr M mixed dog being eval 2 week hx intermittent hematuria and constipation. The owner has noticed that the dog strains to defecate and also has difficulty going upstairs. PE shows symmetric, nonpainful prostatomegaly. CBC, biochem normal. Results of cytologic exam of prostatic fluid are consistent with BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). After castration, which is the most appropriate next step in management?
Finasteride
Diethylstilbestrol
Enrofloxacin
Medroxyprogesterone
No further management necessary
```
Finasteride
177
```
A 4 yr cat examined after owner noticed blood tinged saliva on muzzle 3 days ago. PE shows swollen chin, depressed reddish lesions on hard palate, erythematous region on upper lip adjacent to left canine tooth. Cat is otherwise healthy. What is the likely diagnosis?
Calicivirus
Cryptococcosis
Eosinophilic granuloma
Pemphigus vulgaris
Squamous cell carcinoma
```
Eosinophilic granuloma
178
```
7 yr Greyhound fails to blink with medial palpebral of left side. This finding is most siggestive of a defect in which CN?
Optic or occulomotor
Trochlear or olfactory
Trochlear or vestibulocochlear
Trigeminal or facial
Abducens or optic
```
Trigeminal or facial
179
```
A 5 yr old dairy cow is being eval bc of hx of intermittent episodes of lameness and weight loss. PE shows incisor teeth are unevenly worn, pitted and stained black. The changes suggest toxicosis from?
Arsenic
Fluorides
Selenium
Strontium 90
Zinc
```
Fluorides
180
Which of the following potential zoonoses correctly corresponds to its most common means of dz transmission to humans?
Borrelia burgdorferi bite of Dermacentor
Brucella abortus consumption of unwashed veggies
Diphylobothrium latum consumption of infected snails
Rickettsia the bite of infected Ixodes scapularis
Taenia saginata consumption of undercooked beef
Taenia saginata consumption of undercooked beef
ixodes- lyme dz
tapeworm from raw fish diphylobothrium
Dermacentor- rocky mt spotted fever
181
```
The presence of large numbers of the tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses is most likely associated with which of the following?
Gastric ulceration
Ileocecal intussesception
Right dorsal colitis
Small intestinal volvulus
Torsion of large colon
```
Torsion of large colon
182
```
6 m old NM mixed breed puppy is given an amitraz dip for the treatment of generalized demodectic mange. Shortly after, the puppy develops depression, weakness, anorexia, bradycardia and decreased respir rate and body temp. The most appropriate tx is administration of?
Diazepam
Flumazenil
Pralidoxime cl
Xylazine
Yohimbine
```
Yohimbine
183
```
A 5yr gelding is being eval bc coughing during exercise and while stabled after eating. The horse is consistently afebrile. PE shows mild nasal discharge. Which of the following is the most likely dx?
Bact bronchopneumonia
Chronic obstructive pulmonary dz
Congestive heart failure
Pleuritis
Sinusitis
```
Chronic obstructive pulmonary dz
184
```
In the cat, a finding of increased resonance on percussion of chest is most likely indicateive of??
Diaphragmatic hernia
Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary mass
Pulmonary edema
```
Pneumothorax
