Assessment Flashcards
(34 cards)
A specific situation where a medication, procedure, or exercise should be avoided because it may prove to be harmful to the individual.
Contraindication
A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise.
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+)
A questionnaire with lists of questions that pertain to health history and habits, such as exercise history, eating behaviors, and general lifestyle
Health history questionnaire (HHQ)
For accuracy, safety, and ease of administration, NASM recommends that fitness professionals measure a client’s radial pulse.
Manual heart rate measurement
The measurement of a person’s weight relative to his or her height, which is used to estimate the risks of obesity.
Body mass index (BMI)
• Metric formula: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ [height (m)]2
• Imperial formula: BMI = 703 × weight (lb) ÷ [height (in.)]2
A body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
The relative score expressing the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference, which correlates to the risk for developing cardiovascular disease.
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
WHR = Waist Measurement ÷ Hip Measurement
WHR Classifications
See image
Jackson and Pollock
Seven-Site Measurement
• Men: Chest, mid-axillary, subscapular, triceps, abdomen, suprailiac, thigh
• Women: Chest, mid-axillary, subscapular, triceps, abdomen,suprailiac, thigh
Jackson and Pollock
Three-Site Measurement
Men: Chest, abdomen, thigh
Women: Triceps, suprailiac, thigh
Durnin–Womersley Four Site Measurement
Men & Women: Biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac
Pes planus distortion syndrome*
Static Positions
- Ankle joints—pes planus (collapsed arch)
- Knee joints—valgus and internally rotated
-Hip joints—adducted and internally rotated
Potential overactive muscles
Gastrocnemius and soleus (calves)
• Adductor complex (inner thighs)
• Hip flexors (muscles near front of hips)
Potential underactive muscles
• Anterior and posterior tibialis (shin muscles)
• Gluteus maximus and medius (butt muscles)
Lower crossed syndrome
Static Positions
Hip joints—flexed
Pelvis—anterior pelvic tilt
Lumbar spine—excessive lordosis (extension)
Potential overactive muscles
• Hip flexors
• Lumbar extensors (low-back muscles)
Potential underactive muscles
• Gluteus maximus and medius
• Hamstring complex
• Abdominals
Upper crossed syndrome
Static Positions
Thoracic spine—excessive kyphosis (hunchback, flexed posture)
Shoulders—protracted (rounded forward) and internally rotated
Head and neck—jutted forward
Potential overactive muscles
• Pectoralis major and minor (chest muscles)
• Levator scapula and sternocleidomastoid (neck muscles)
• Upper trapezius
Potential underactive muscles
• Middle and lower trapezius, rhomboids (mid-back muscles)
• Deep cervical flexors (muscle deep within the neck)
Feet turn out
Overactive
• Gastrocnemius/soleus (calves)
• Hamstrings complex
Underactive
• Anterior and posterior tibialis (shin muscles)
• Gluteus maximus and medius
Knees cave in (knee
valgus)
Overactive
• Tensor fascia latae (TFL)(muscle near front of hip)
• Adductor complex (inner thigh muscles)
Underactive
• Gluteus maximus and medius
• Anterior and posterior tibialis
Low-back arches
Overactive
• Hip flexors (rectus femoris, psoas, TFL)
• Lumbar extensors (low-back muscles)
• Latissimus dorsi (large back muscle)
Underactive
• Gluteus maximus
• Hamstrings complex
• Abdominals
Excessive forward trunk lean
Overactive
• Hip flexors
• Gastrocnemius/soleus
• Rectus abdominis and external obliques (superficial abdominal
muscles)
Underactive
• Gluteus maximus
• Hamstrings complex
• Lumbar extensors
Arms fall forward
Overactive
• Latissimus dorsi
• Pectoralis major and minor (chest muscles)
• Teres major (posterior shoulder muscle)
Underactive
• Middle and lower trapezius (mid-back muscle)
• Rhomboids (muscles near shoulder blades)
• Posterior deltoids (back of shoulder muscles)
• Portions of the rotator cuff (small muscles that stabilize the
shoulder)
Scapular elevation - push/pull assessment
Overactive
• Levator scapulae (posterior neck muscles)
• Upper trapezius
Underactive
• Lower trapezius
Head juts forward - push/pull assessment
Overactive
• Levator scapulae
• Sternocleidomastoid (anterior neck muscles)
Underactive
• Deep cervical flexors (deep neck stabilizer muscles)
Low-back arches
Overactive
• Hip flexors (rectus femoris, psoas, TFL)
• Lumbar extensors
Underactive
• Gluteus maximus
• Hamstrings complex
• Abdominals
Knee Caves in (knee valgus) - Single Leg Assessment
Overactive
Tensor fascia latae (TFL)
Adductor complex
Underactive
Gluteus maximus and medius
Anterior and posterior tibialis
Field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding physical variation in size, weight, and proportion
Anthropometry
