ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

Question 1

refers to the classification of tumor cells

➢seeks to define the type of tissue from which the tumor originated & the
degree to which the tumor cells retain the functional & histologic
characteristic of tissue of origin.

Answer 1

GRADING

Question 2

determines the size of tumor & existence of
metastasis

Answer 2

STAGING

Question 3

is the surgical
excision of small piece
of tissue for
microscopic
examination

Answer 3

BIOPSY

Question 4

identifies abnormalities by creating sectional
(tomographic images of the body without the use of ionizing radiation.

Answer 4

Magnetic Resonance IMAGING (MRI)

Question 5

is an x-ray technique that produces sequential cross sectional body images at progressive depths

Answer 5

CT SCAN

Question 6

• Treatment with antineoplastic drugs may
induce tumor or regression and prevent or
delay metastasis.

• Useful for controlling residual disease or as
an adjunct to surgery or radiation therapy.

• As palliative treatment, it aims to improve
the patient’s quality of life by relieving pain
and other symptoms.

• Different drugs act on tumor cells in
different stages of the cell growth cycle

Answer 6

Chemotherapy

Question 7

What are the 2 classification of chemotherapy

Answer 7

Cell cycle specific and Cell cycle non specific

Question 8

medications are
effectively by dividing
cells only during certain
phases of the cell cycle

Answer 8

CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC

Question 9

medications act during
all phases of the cell
cycle.

Answer 9

CELL CYCLE NON - SPECIFIC

Question 10

changes the DNA
component of a cell’s nucleus and prevents
replication; the cell is not able to replicate
DNA material which inhibits further cell
division and growth.

Answer 10

RADIATION THERAPY

Question 11

Radiation is delivered to
the tumor in three primary ways:

Answer 11

• External beam radiation
• Brachytherapy
• Stereotactic radiosurgery

Question 13

Radiation has both ______ and ______
immediate effects

Answer 13

Systemic & localized

Question 14

a child is often
prescribed an ______ before each radiation
treatment.

Answer 14

antiemetic

Question 15

Skin reactions, such as ____ and ______.
Maintaining good skin hygiene and use of mild
soaps or moisturizers (non- fragrant) may help
preserve skin integrity.

Answer 15

erythema & tenderness

Question 17

is a procedure that allows the doctor to examine the
inside of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. A thin,
flexible, lighted tube, called an endoscope, is guided into
the mouth and throat, then into the esophagus, stomach,
and duodenum.

Answer 17

EGD- esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Question 18

an exam used to look for
changes — such as swollen, irritated tissues,
polyps or cancer — in the large intestine (colon)
and rectum

Answer 18

COLONOSCOPY

Question 19

procedure that lets doctors
look at your lungs and air passages

Answer 19

BRONCHOSCOPY

Question 20

is the most important examination
of the vagina. With the help of the camera and a
microscope, changes in the mucous membrane of
the vagina are recognized on the cervix.

Answer 20

COLPOSCOPY

Question 21

Before we insert the tube, we apply ____ because it is
painful

Answer 21

Lidocaine

Question 22

the most widely employed method of cancer therapy the
goal is to remove all of the tumor.

Answer 22

CURATIVE SURGERY

Question 23

attempts to relieve the complications of cancer, it has
three fundamental objectives.
✓ To reduce pain
✓ To retard the growth of the tumor
✓ To decrease the size existing tumor

Answer 23

PALLIATIVE SURGERY

Question 24

the purpose of which is to either confirm or rule out
possible diagnosis of malignancy. It establishes the type,
extent, and classification of tumor. Tissues sample may be
obtained for diagnosis by incisional, excisional or needle
biopsies.

Answer 24

DIAGNOSTIC SURGERY

Question 25

an attempt is made to remove the tissue or organ at risk, thus prevent development of CA.

Answer 25

PREVENTIVE/PROPHYLACTIC SURGERY

Question 26

to improve the person’s quality of life by restoring maximal function and appearance.

Answer 26

RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY

Question 27

spitting out of blood

Answer 27

Hemoptysis

Question 28

puking of blood

Answer 28

Hematemesis

Question 29

presence of blood in the urine

Answer 29

Hematuria

Question 30

blacky stool or pt took iron medication or there is presence of blood

Answer 30

Hematochezia

Question 31

TYPES OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS: foster cancer cell death by interfering with cellular metabolic process.

Answer 31

ANTIMETABOLITES (CCS)

Question 32

TYPES OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS: act with DNA to hinder cell growth and division.

Answer 32

ALKYLATING AGENTS (CCNS)

Question 34

TYPES OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS obtained from the periwinkle plant; makes the host’s body a less favorable environment for growth of cancer cells.

Answer 34

PLANT ALKALOIDS (CCS)

Question 35

TYPES OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS: affect RNA to make the environment less favorable for cancer growth.

Answer 35

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS (CCNS)

Question 36

TYPES OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS: after the endocrine environment to make it less conducive to growth of cancer cells.

Answer 36

STEROIDS AND SEX HORMONES (CCNS)

Question 37

are types of chemotherapy treatments that are very similar to normal substances within the cell. When the cells incorporate these substances into the cellular metabolism, they are unable to divide.

Answer 37

Antimetabolites

Question 38

are chemotherapy treatments derived made from certain types of plants

Answer 38

Plant alkaloids

Question 39

are made from the periwinkle plant (catharanthus rosea)

Answer 39

vinca alkaloids

Question 40

are made from the bark of the Pacific Yew tree (taxus).

Answer 40

taxanes

Question 41

DOXORUBICIN – side effects is

Answer 41

ALOPECIA

Question 42

are chemo treatments made from natural products produced by species of the soil fungus Streptomyces.

Answer 42

Antitumor antibiotics

Question 43

bind to estrogen receptor site on cancer cells thus blocking estrogen from going into the cancer cell. This interferes with cell growth and eventually leads to cell death.

Answer 43

Antiestrogens

Question 44

if the IV is dislodged, there’s swelling & redness but in cancel medicines, it can burn the cells.

Answer 44

Extravasation

Question 45

either u aspired or remove CF or administer spinal anesthesia

Answer 45

Lumbar puncture

Question 46

What lumbar number u should puncture

Answer 46

L4/L5 ; L3/L4

Question 47

aspirate blood cells from bone marrow

Answer 47

Bone marrow aspiration

Question 48

hyperuricemia

Answer 48

ALOPURINOL

Question 49

What are the2 types of radiation therapy

Answer 49

External therapy (teletherapy) & Internal Radiation Therapy (Brachytherapy)

Question 50

administered through high energy X-ray of gamma X-ray machine from outside of the body into the tumor.

Answer 50

External Therapy (Teletherapy)

Question 51

delivers radiation via implants directly into the tumor site or into the systemic circulation.

Answer 51

Internal Radiation Therapy (Brachytherapy)

Question 52

What are the types of implant

Answer 52

Sealed & unsealed source

Question 53

the radioactive material is enclosed in a sealed container. It is placed in needles, beads, seeds, ribbons, or catheters which are then implanted directly into the tumor.

Answer 53

Sealed source

Question 54

the radioisotopes may be administered intravenously, orally or by instillation directly into the body cavity

Answer 54

Unsealed source

Question 55

circulates through the client’s body.

Answer 55

Radioisotope