assessment, diagnosis, treatment

Question 1

personality inventories

Answer 1

tests designed to measure broad personality characteristics, with a focus on behaviors, beliefs, and feelings

Question 2

MMPI-II

Answer 2

• most widely used personality test
• generates profile to compare to normative sample and other psychiatric patients
• has validity scale

Question 3

response inventories

Answer 3

• measures response in one area of functioning
• usually self-reported
• based on theoretical orientation of therapist

Question 4

psychophysiological tests

Answer 4

measures physiological responses

Question 5

neurological tests

Answer 5

directly assesses brain function

Question 6

EEG

Answer 6

electrodes on scalp measures electrical activity

Question 7

PET scans

Answer 7

radioactive tracer that binds to blood/oxygen/glucose to show which part of brain is active

Question 8

CAT scans

Answer 8

x-ray slices of brain structure

Question 9

fMRI

Answer 9

magnetically images brain structure to assess how the brain changes overtime

Question 10

neuropsychological tests

Answer 10

indirectly assesses brain function by assessing cognitive, perceptual, and motor functioning

Question 11

Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test

Answer 11

example of neuropsychological test, assesses visual-motor functioning by way of replicating simple line drawings

Question 12

assessment

Answer 12

systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder

Question 13

diagnosis

Answer 13

determine if patient’s symptoms match a known disorder

Question 14

treatment

Answer 14

change abnormal behavior into normal behavior

Question 15

standardization

Answer 15

used in the same way across the board, with a reference group to know what’s typical in the normal or clinical population

Question 16

reliability

Answer 16

yields the same result in the same situations

Question 17

test-retest reliability

Answer 17

measure of consistency of results when test is repeated on same sample at different point in time

Question 18

inter-rater reliability

Answer 18

measure of agreement among independent judges assessing the same test

Question 19

validity

Answer 19

extent to which the test measures what it is supposed to measure, corresponds accurately to the real world

Question 20

face validity

Answer 20

extent to which a test looks to be measuring what it is supposed to measure

Question 21

predictive validity

Answer 21

extent to which a test accurately predicts future outcomes

Question 22

concurrent validity

Answer 22

extent to which a test agrees with other assessments

Question 23

clinical interview

Answer 23

gather detailed information about personal history, symptoms, circumstances as viewed by the client

Question 24

unstructured interview

Answer 24

uses open-ended questions

Question 25

structured interview

Answer 25

uses pre-set questions (ex. mental status exam to assess general functioning)

Question 26

clinical observations

Answer 26

systematic observation of behavior

Question 27

naturalistic observation

Answer 27

takes place in client's natural environment

Question 28

analog observation

Answer 28

set up clinical environment that resembles natural environment

Question 29

self-monitoring

Answer 29

client tracks their own behavior

Question 30

clinical tests

Answer 30

gather info about limited aspect of psychological functioning

Question 31

projectives

Answer 31

require that subjects interpret vague and ambiguous stimuli or follow open-ended questions to infer unconscious processes or personality traits

Question 32

examples of projectives

Answer 32

- Rorschach Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Sentence-Completion - Draw-a-Person

Question 33

DSM-5

Answer 33

system of classifying psychological disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association

Question 34

criticisms of DSM-5

Answer 34

- categorical system instead of dimensional system - high rates of comorbidity - misdiagnosis issues - requires use of labels - cultural limitations

Question 35

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)

Answer 35

focuses on biological basis for mental illness

Question 36

Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)

Answer 36

focuses on mental health problems as a continuum, structures symptoms/syndromes into hierarchy

Question 37

clinical interview strengths

Answer 37

able to gain wide range of information about individual patient

Question 38

clinical interview weaknesses

Answer 38

low reliability and validity (bias)

Question 39

projectives strengths

Answer 39

useful in hypothesis generation

Question 40

projectives weaknesses

Answer 40

low reliability and validity | biased against minorities

Question 41

personality inventory strengths

Answer 41

standardized and objective

Question 42

personality inventory weaknesses

Answer 42

no accurate definition of personality, so validity is unknown dependent on mood states prone to cultural differences

Question 43

response inventory strengths

Answer 43

strong face validity due to specificity

Question 44

response inventory weaknesses

Answer 44

inaccurate self-reporting | not all tests are standardized, valid, or reliable

Question 45

neuro test strengths

Answer 45

high reliability, validity, and standardization

Question 46

neuro test weaknesses

Answer 46

usually requires many tests to be used together (a battery)

Question 47

intelligence test strengths

Answer 47

high reliability, validity, and standardization

Question 48

intelligence test weaknesses

Answer 48

usually an indirect measure of intelligence | can be influenced by other factors

Question 49

naturalistic/analog observation strengths

Answer 49

be able to see things in action | less prone to bias as outside observer

Question 50

naturalistic/analog observation weaknesses

Answer 50

often poor validity and reliability

Question 51

self-monitoring observation strengths

Answer 51

gain access to client's infrequent behaviors and private thoughts

Question 52

self-monitoring observation weaknesses

Answer 52

often requires training sometimes inaccurate due to bias can inadvertently change behavior being measured