Assessment of Oxygen Ch.6

Question 1

In a healthy individual, over _______% of the oxygen diffuses into ____________ capillary blood chemically combines with __________.

Answer 1

99%; pulmonary; hemoglobin

Question 2

The normal hb value for men is

Answer 2

14 to 16 g/dL

Question 3

The normal hb value for women is

Answer 3

12 to 15 g/ dL

Question 4

The normaL hb for infants is

Answer 4

14 to 20 g/dL

Question 5

Each gram of hb is capable of carrying about _______ of oxygen.

Answer 5

1.34 mL

Question 6

an S- shaped curve on a nomogram that illustrates the percentage of hb that is saturated with oxygen related to oxygen at a specific oxygen partial pressure.

Answer 6

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Question 7

The steep portion of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve falls between

Answer 7

10 and 60 mm Hg

Question 8

The upper flat portion falls between

Answer 8

70 and 100 mm Hg

Question 9

The oxygen tension difference between the alveoli and arterial blood

Answer 9

Alveolar- arterial oxygen tension difference (P[A-a]O2)

Question 10

Pulmonary shunting below 10% is considered

Answer 10

normal

Question 11

Pulmonary shunting that is 10%- 20%

Answer 11

indicates a pulmonary abnormality

Question 12

Pulmonary shunt that may be life threatening and POSSIBLE requiring cardiopulmonary support, is what percentage?

Answer 12

20%-30 %

Question 13

Pulmonary shunting greater than 30%

Answer 13

Serious life threatening condition

Question 14

Abnormally low arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in the blood

Answer 14

Hypoxemia

Question 15

Inadequate level of TISSUE oxygenation

Answer 15

Hypoxia

Question 16

Nonvolatile acid and causes the pH to decrease

Answer 16

Lactic acid

Question 17

Normal oxygenation

Answer 17

80-100

Question 18

Mild hypoxemia

Answer 18

60-80

Question 19

Moderate hypoxemia

Answer 19

40-60

Question 20

Severe hypoxemia

Answer 20

<40

Question 21

An INCREASED level of red blood cells

Answer 21

Polycythemia

Question 22

Inadequate oxygen at the tissue cell caused by low arterial oxygen tension (PaO2)

Answer 22

Hypoxic hypoxia (hypoxemic hypoxia)

Question 23

PaO2 is normal but the oxygen carrying capacity and thus the oxygen content of the BLOOD is inadequate

Answer 23

Anemic hypoxia

Question 24

Blood flow to the tissue cells is inadequate; therefore adequate oxygen is not available to meet the tissue

Answer 24

Circulatory hypoxia ( stagnant or hypoperfusion hypoxia)

Question 25

Impaired ability to the tissue cells to metabolize oxygen

Answer 25

Histotoxic hypoxia

Question 26

Common causes of hypoxic hypoxia

Answer 26

Low PAO2 caused by: - Hypoventilation - High altitude - Diffusion impairment - Intersitial fibrosis - Interstial pulmonary edema

Question 27

Common causes of anemic hypoxia

Answer 27

- Decreased hb concentration - Anemia - Hemmorrhage - Abnormal hb - Carboxyhb - Methemoglobin

Question 28

Common causes of CIRCULATORY hypoxia (3)

Answer 28

- Hypotension - Slow flow or stagnant (pooling) or peripheral blood - Arterial- venous shunts

Question 29

Common causes of histotoxic hypoxemia

Answer 29

Cyanide poisoning

Question 30

Oxygen is carried in the blood in two ways

Answer 30

1. Dissolved o2 in the blood plasma 2. o2 bound to the hb

Question 31

CaO2: o2 content of arterial blood equation

Answer 31

CaO2=(Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) +( PaO2 x 0.003)

Question 32

CvO2: o2 content of venous blood equation

Answer 32

CvO2= (Hb x 1.34x SvO2) + (PvO2 x 0.003)

Question 33

CcO2: o2 content of pulmonary capillary blood equation (long)

Answer 33

CcO2= ( Hb x 1.34^3) + PAO2^4x 0.003

Question 34

Normally the SvO2 is about _____%

Answer 34

75%

Question 35

This Is the amount of oxygen consumed by the tissue cells divided by the total amount of oxygen delivered

Answer 35

Oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER)

Question 36

This is useful in determining the extent of lung diffusion defects (ARDS) also called oxygenation ratio

Answer 36

PaO2/FIO2 ratio

Question 37

On room air, the normal PaO2/ FIO2 ratio is between ______ and _____

Answer 37

350 and 450

Question 38

Known as oxygen uptake is the amount of oxygen consumed by the peripheral tissue cells during a 1- minute period

Answer 38

Oxygen consumption (VO2)

Question 39

The amount of o2 delivered to the peripheral tissue cells

Answer 39

Total oxygen delivery (DO2)

Question 40

Another name for oxyhb dissociation curve

Answer 40

oxyhb equilibrium curve

Question 41

Ideal alveolar gas equation

Answer 41

PAO2=[PB-PH2O]-FIO2-PaCO2(1.25)