What embryonic structure do the muscles of facial expression develop from?
mesoderm of 2nd pharyngeal arch
tendon in middle of occipitofrontalis
epicranial aponeurosis
occiptal belly of occipitofrontalis attachment
superior nuchal line
innervation occiptofrontalis
occipital by post auricular branch of facial n
frontal by temporal branch of facial n
Obicularis oris attachmeents
medial maxilla and mandible, angle of mouth, mucosa of lips
action of obicularis oris
tonic closes mouth
phasic compresses and protrudes lips
innervation obicularis oris
buccal and marg mand branch of facial n
mobius syndrome
underdevelopment of 6 and 7th cranial nerves (lack innervation to facial muscles, like buccinator causing tooth decay)
attachments levator anguli oris
canine fossa below infraorbital foramen to angle of mouth
depressor anguli oris attachments
external oblique line
zygomaticus major attachments
lateral aspect of zygomatic bone
zygomaticus minor attachment
anterior aspect of zygomatic bone
levator labii superioris attachments
inferior orbital margin to upper lip
depressor labii inferioris attachment
lowest portion of oblique line of mandible
attachments of levator labi superioris alaeque nasii and alar part of nasalis
frontal process of maxill and alar cartilage
where does parotid duct enter oral cavity?
oppolsite 2nd max molar
the carotid canal is in which bone
petrous temporal bone
opthalmic artery goes through what hole
optic canal
branches of external carotid
- superior thyroid
- ascending pharyngeal
- lingual
- facial
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- maxillary
- superficial temporal
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superior thyroid artery is _____ to infrahyoid muscles
deep
superior thyroid artery gives blood to
thyroid gland, branhces to SCM and infrahyoid, gives off superior laryngeal artery which supplies larynx
what does the submental artery come off of
facial artery before it enters the face
facial branhces of facial artery
Facial artery:
- Inf labial
- Sup labial
- Lateral nasal
- Angular
than anastomoses with opthalmic artery
where does superficial temporal artery originate
from within the parotid gland off of external carotid
transverse facial artery arises from ________ and is _____ to masseter
superficial temporal, superficial
maxillary artery passes through _____ to get into the ptergopalatine fossa
pterygomaxillary fissure
branches of maxillary artery
- Deep auricular
- Anterior tympanic
- Mmiddle meningeal
- Accessory meningeal
- Inferior alveolar
- Masseteric
- Deep temporal
- Ppterygoid
- Buccal
- Posterior superior alveolar
- Iinfraorbital
- Descending palatine
- Artery of pterygoid canal
- Pharyngial
- Sphenopalatine
what supplies blood to lateral surface of tympanic membrane
deep auricular
what supplies blood to medial surface of tympanic membrane and how does it get there
anterior tympanic artery, transverses petrotympanic fissure
what hole does middle meningeal artery go through
foramen spinosum
what hole does accessory meningeal artery go through
foramen ovale
what hole does posterior superior alveolar nerve go through
alveolar foramen
what hole does infraorbital artery go through
inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital groove, infraorbital canal, infraorbital foramen
what does the anterior alveolar artery come off of
infraorbital artery
what hole does the pharyngeal artery go through
palatovaginal canal
what do emissary veins do
allow communicatio between veins of scalp and dural venous sinuses
what comes together to form straight sinus
inferior sagital sinus and great cerebral vein
sigmoid sinus becomes _____ after it passes through ______
IJV, jugular foramen
name 7 things in the cavernoud sinus
- internal carotid artery
- internal carotid plexus
- CN III
- CN IC
- CN VI
- CN V1
- CN V2
facial vein communicates with pterygoid venous plexus via ____ and _____
deep facial veins and infraorbital vein
what goes through optic canal
optic nerves and opthalmic arteries
what goes through superior orbital fissure
opthalmic veins, CN III, IV, VI, V1
greater petrosal nerve and lesser petrosal nerve go through hiatus to what holes?
greater to foramen lacerum
lesser to foramen ovale
what originates at scaphoid fossa
tensor palatini
sphenomandibular ligament attaches what to what
spine of sphenoid to lingula
what’s deepest: lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, nasociliary n?
nasociliary n travels in plane deep to lacrimal and frontal nerves
branches of trigeminal
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- meningeal
- lacrimal
- frontal
- nasociliary
- meningeal
- zygomatic
- pterygopalatine ganglia
- posterior superior alveolar
- infraorbital n
- meningeal
- nerve to medial pterygoid
- nerve to lateral pterygoid
- deep temporal
- masseteric nerve
- long buccal
- auriculotemporal n
- lingual
- inferior alveolar
what innervates stylopharyngeus
glossopharyngeal
spinal accessory nerve made from motor fibers frrom which cervical spinal cord
C1-C5
what does CN XI innervate
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
what hole does CNVII go through
internal acoustic meatus
what opens eustachian tube
salpingopharyngeus and levator veli palatini
attachment superior pharyngeal constrictor
pharyngeal tuberble and pharyngeal raphe to pterygoid hamulus and pterygomandibular raphe and mandible
innervation pharyngeal constrictors
CN X via pharyngeal plexus (inferior also with recurrent laryngeal nerve and external laryngeal nerve
attachments middle pharyngeal constrictor
pharyngeal raphe (posterior) to stylohyoid ligament of hyoid bone
attachments inferior pharyngeal constrictor
pharyngeal raphe (posterior) to thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
what passes between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors
stylopharyngeus and CN IX
stylopharyngeus attachments
styloid process to myscular wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage
innervation stylopharyngeus
CN IX
palatopharyngeus attachments
posterior hard palate and palatine aponeurosis to muscular wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage
palatopharyngeus innervation
CN X via pharyngeal plexus
salpingopharyngeus attachmetn
cartilage part of eustachian tube to muscular wall of pharynx
innervation of salpingopharyngeus
CN X via pharyngeal plexus
what elevates and widens pharynx during swallowingt
stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus
what constricts walls of pharynx during swallowing
pharyngeal constrictor muscles
sensory fibers of pharyngeal plexus from
CN IX
motor fibers of pharyngeal plexus by
CN X
cartilages of larynx
3 paired (arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform)
3 unpaired (epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid)
what articulates with inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
what attaches epiglottic cartilage to thyroid cartilage and where does it attach
thyroepiglottic cartilage to angle of thyroid cartilage
what part of cricoid cartilage does arytnoid cartilage articulate with
base articulates with lamina of cricoid
apex of arytnoid cartilage articulates with
corniculate cartilage
what attaches to vocal process of arytnoid cartilage
vocal ligament and vocalis muscle
purpose and location of cuneiform cartilages
located in aryepiglottic fold and provides stability to fold
what kind of joint is cricothyroid joint
synovial
what kind of joint is cricoarytnoid joint
synovial
what kind of joint is arytenocorniculate joint
synovial or synchondrosis
where is quadrangular membrane
intrinsic membrane of larynx
drapes doesn from epiglottis to arytnoid cartilage
where is vestibular ligament
intrinsic membrane of larynx
free inferior margin of quadrangular membrane
where is vocal ligament
intrinsic membrane of larynx
free superior margin of cricothyroid ligament
what is the rima glottidis
opening between vocal folds
what is supraglottic cavity
aka vesibule
between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds
what is middle laryngeal cavity
between vestibular and vocal folds
what is laryngeal ventricle
lateral from middle laryngeal cavity
what is laryngeal saccule
elongated tubular extension of ventricle (lots of mucous glands for vocal cord lube)
what is infraglottic cavity
between vocal folds and inferior border of cricoid cartilage (continuous with trachea)
attachments cricothyroid muscle
cricoid arch
thyroid cartilage
what does cricothyroid muscle do
tilts thyroid cartilage forward and down to lengthen vocal ligaments
innervation cricothyroid cartilage
external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
action of posterior cricoarytnoid muscle
abducts vocal folds/ open rima glottidis
also tenses vocal cords by pulling arytenoids posteriorly
innervation posterior cricoarytnoid muscle
recurrent laryngeal nerve
action lateral cricoarytnoid
close rima glottidis
innervation lateral cricoarytnoid muscle
recurrent laryngeal nerve
innervation to transverse/oblique arytnoid muscles and aryepiglottic muscle
recurrent laryngeal nervw
action transverse and oblique arytnoid muscles and aryepiglottic muscle
adduct arytniod cartilages, closing rima glottidis
vocalis muscle attachment
arytnoid cartilage to angle of thyroid cartilage and along vocal ligament
innervation vocalis
recurrent laryngeal n
action vocalis
minute adjustments of vocal ligmants, localized relaxation of vocal ligamnet
thyroarytnoid muscle attachment
arytnoid cartilage to angle of thyroid cartilage and along cricothyroid ligament
innervation thyroarytnoid muscle
recurrent laryngeal
action thyroarytnoid muscle
draw arytnoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage, relaxing vocal ligaments
what goes through incisive fossa
nasopalatine nerves and sphenopalatine vessels
what papillae have taste buds (fungiform or filiform)
fungiform
what ‘glossus’ is not innervated by the hypoglossal n
palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus of CN X)
innervation to intrinsic muscles of the tongue
CN XII
lymphatics of tongue
- anterior 2/3
- tip of tongue: submental grou
- side: submandibular
- central: jugulo-omohyoid
- posterior 1/3
- jugulo-digastric and retropharyngeal to jugulo-omohyoid
taste anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN VII via chorda tympani and lingual n
general sense anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN V via lingual
taste posterior 2/3 of tongue
CN IX
taste epiglottis
CN X via internal laryngeal n
general sense posterior 1/3 of tongue
CN IX
innervation geniohyoid
C1
what two vessels does hypoglossal nerve cross over
lingual a and external carotid a
