AST-1

Question 1

greenhouse effect

Answer 1

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases

Question 2

magnetic field

Answer 2

prevents charged particles in the solar wind from reaching the surface.

Question 3

moons composition

Answer 3

mostly silicates
no metal core
water at the core

Question 4

Light areas:

Answer 4

luna highlands

Question 5

dark areas:

Answer 5

luna marias

Question 6

moon formation

Answer 6

A collision between molten earth and theia (mars-sized planet), the debris became the moon

Question 7

Earth is older than the moon. Why does the moon have more craters?

Answer 7

The Earth has an atmosphere, and the moon does not
The Earth has weather, and the Moon does not
The Earth has volcanoes, and the moon does not
The Earth has plate tectonics, and the moon does not

Question 8

Mars past evidence of water

Answer 8

Erosion, dried lake/river beds, sediment with evaporation, polar ice
caps
● 4 billion years ago: oceans

Question 9

Why did Mars lose its water?

Answer 9

Cooled -> no liquid metal core -> no dynamo -> no magnetic field -> less protection from the Sun -> atmosphere stripped away -> can’t hold on to liquid water

Question 10

Why is uranus rotating on its side

Answer 10

past collision with another planet
leads to extreme seasons

Question 11

gas giants

Answer 11

jupiter and saturn

Question 12

gas giants composition

Answer 12

Rocky core
● Liquid metallic hydrogen layer
● Hydrogen/helium exterior
■ Rotating metallic hydrogen leads to strong magnetic field

Question 13

Ice Giants

Answer 13

Neptune and uranus`

Question 14

ice giants composition

Answer 14

Rocky core
● Mostly water, methane, ammonia, other ices
● Some hydrogen and helium

Question 15

what is the weather like for the giants?

Answer 15

Giant long-lasting storms
■ Bands from planet-wide jet streams/

Question 16

primitive asteroids

Answer 16

composed of the remnants of materials used during planetary formation, in main asteroid belt

Question 17

processed asteroids

Answer 17

either pure rock or pure metal; slightly younger than primitive meteorites, from asteroids that differentiated or had volcanic activity

Question 18

C-type asteroids

Answer 18

(chondrites) Carbonaceous asteroids…they are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids.

Question 19

S-type asteroids

Answer 19

(Stony) Made up primarily of stony materials and nickel-iron; 17% of known asteroids

Question 20

M-type asteroids

Answer 20

(metallic) rarest