Asthma Flashcards
(5 cards)
What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?
dyspnoea, chest pain, increase RR, accessory muscle use, SOB, decrease SPO2, tripod positioning, diaphoresis, dizziness
What is the pathophysiology of asthma?
Inflammatory response triggered by antigens; mucous secretions increase occluding airways; swelling of membranes in bronchi; mast cells activate increasing blood flow and WBC movement; alveoli become hyper-inflamed; air gets trapped in alveoli increasing pressure; decrease alveolar perfusion.
What are the causes of asthma?
Thought to be a genetic mutation; a flare-up can be caused by exercise when it is cold; occupational triggers in the workplace; allergy asthma caused by external factors like pollen.
What are the nursing interventions for asthma?
Administer bronchodilators through nebuliser or spacer; sit patient up to maximise air entry; regular vital sign monitoring, record and report change; reassure patient and family members to lower anxiety; educate patient on medication and dx plan; monitor sputum production volume, consistency, colour.
What is the rationale for the nursing interventions?
Bronchodilators expand the airway to maximise gas exchange and increase O2; monitor obs so that interventions can be put in place in a timely manner; educate patient to prevent recurrence and ensure proper medication use; ensure that there are no other underlying causes e.g., infection.
