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Year 1 HLB Respiratory > Asthma and COPD Treatments > Flashcards

Asthma and COPD Treatments Flashcards

(40 cards)

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1
Q

Whats does SABA stand for?

A
  • short acting B2 agonist
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2
Q

What is the main SABA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?

A
  • salbutamol (ventolin)
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3
Q

What are alternative SABA drugs to Salbutamol?

A
  • terbutaline (bricanyl)
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4
Q

How fast does salbutamol as a SABA work and generally last for?

A
  • effective within 10 minutes

- last 3-5 hours

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5
Q

Is Salbutamol as a SABA referred to as a preventative or reliever?

A
  • reliever
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6
Q

What are the common side effects of Salbutamol?

A
  • tachycardia (B1 receptors in heart)
  • tremors (B2 receptors in skeletal muscle)
  • agitation
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7
Q

How can Salbutamol as a SABA be administered?

A
  • inhaler (generally)

- intravenously (more side effects)

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8
Q

When using inhalers, how much of the drug generally reaches the lungs?

A
  • 8-15%
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9
Q

Whats does LABA stand for?

A
  • long acting B2 agonist
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10
Q

What is the main LABA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?

A
  • Salmeterol
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11
Q

What are alternative LABA drugs to Salmeterol?

A
  • Formoterol
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12
Q

How fast does salmeterol as a LABA work and generally last for?

A
  • effective within 30 minutes

- last 10-12 hours

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13
Q

Is Salmeterol as a LABA referred to as a preventative or reliever?

A
  • preventative
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14
Q

How can Salmeterol as a SABA be administered?

A
  • inhaled only
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15
Q

Whats does SAMA stand for?

A
  • short acting muscarinic 3 receptor antagonist
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16
Q

What is the main SAMA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?

A
  • Ipratropium Bromide
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17
Q

How fast does Ipratropium Bromide as a SAMA work and generally last for?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • effective within 30 minutes

- last 6 hours

18
Q

What does LAMA stand for?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • long acting muscarinic 3 receptor antagonist
19
Q

What is the main LAMA we need to know and the primary drug used clinically?

20
Q

How long does Tiotropium does LAMA work for?

21
Q

What are some common side effects to SAMA (Ipratropium Bromide) and LAMA (Tiotropium)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • effets on parasympathetic system
  • dry mouth
  • blurred vision
  • closed-angle glaucoma
  • urinary retention
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • taste disturbance
  • dizziness
  • epistaxis
22
Q

What are corticosteroids?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • drugs that ⬇️ inflammation
23
Q

How do glucocorticosteroids (GCS) reduce inflammation?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • GCS receptors bind with GCS
  • CGS-receptor complex taken into nucleus
  • ⬇️ inflammatory gene transcription
24
Q

What are the 2 core corticosteroids used in asthma and COPD that we need to know?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Prednisolone (orally)

- Beclomethasome (inhaler)

25
What are some common side effects of Beclomethasome (inhaler)?
- ⬇️ immune system response to infection
26
What is combination therapy?
- when 1 or more drugs are combined
27
Why is combination therapy preferred over increasing a drug dosage?
- synergistic effects - improved compliance - cost effective
28
What are the most common combination therapies for B2 agonist and M3 antagonist?
- LABA + ICS - LABA + LAMA - LABA + ICS + LAMA
29
What are methylxanthine drugs?
- phosphodiesterase inhibitors (inhibit cAMP degradation) - essentially agonist for Gas B2 receptors - ⬆️ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) - ⬆️ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) - ⬇️ Ca2+ = vasodilation
30
What are the 2 most common methylxanthine drugs that we need to know?
- theophylline (thee-ow-fi-line): oral orally for chronic asthma or COPD - aminophylline (a-min-off-fa-line): intravenous in emergencies
31
What type of drugs are carbocisteines?
- mucolytic drugs | - ⬇️ mucous viscosity
32
Montelukast is a leukotriene inhibitor. What is the action of this drug?
- inhibit leukotrienes | - ⬇️ inflammation
33
What is oxygen therapy?
- classed as drug | - ⬆️ FiO2 sometimes 100%
34
What are some ways oxygen can be delivered?
- nasal cannula - face mask - long term O2 therapy - re-breathe mask - Venturi mask
35
What are the 3 antibiotics we need to know about to treat chest infections?
1 - amoxicillin 2 - clarithromyocin 3 - vancomyosin
36
What class of drugs is amoxicillin, and the mechanism of action?
- penicillin - inhibits transpeptide bonds in bacterial wall - causes lysis of bacteria
37
What class of drugs is clarithromyocin, and the mechanism of action?
- macrolids - inhibit bacterial ribosome - ⬇️ protein synthesis
38
What class of drugs is vancomyosin, and the mechanism of action?
- glycopeptide - inhibit glycopeptide bonds in bacterial walls - causes lysis of bacteria
39
Which antibiotics are used to treat Streptococcus pneumonia?
- amoxicillin | - clarithromyocin
40
Which antibiotics are used to treat Methicillin resistant Staph aureus?
- vancomyosin

Year 1 HLB Respiratory (25 decks)

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