Asthma (Drugs Only)

Question 1

β2-Agonists stimulate β2-receptors, activating ______________ -> _____________ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

Answer 1

adenyl cyclase; increases

Question 2

β2-Agonists can cause:

Answer 2

• bronchodilation,
• improved mucociliary clearance
• reduced inflammatory cell mediator release

Question 3

albuterol, terbutaline

Answer 3

SABA

Question 4

Lormoterol, salmeterol, Olodaterol, Vilanterol, Indacaterol

Answer 4

LABA

Question 5

SABA duration of action

Answer 5

3 to 6 hours

Question 6

LABA duration of action

Answer 6

over 12 hours

Question 7

prevent cholinergic nerve-induced bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion

Answer 7

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

Question 8

Much less effective than β2 agonists in asthma therapy

Answer 8

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

Question 9

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists inhibit only the _______________ bronchoconstriction

Answer 9

cholinergic reflex component

Question 10

only used as an additional bronchodilator in patients with asthma that is not controlled by other inhaled medications

Answer 10

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

Question 11

Ipratropium bromide

Answer 11

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

Question 12

inhibit phosphodiesterase of airway smooth muscles -> increases cAMP

Answer 12

Theophylline

Question 13

Theophylline at _________ dose for bronchodilator effect

Answer 13

high dose

Question 14

T/F: Theophylline has now fallen out of favor as side effects are common

Answer 14

True

Question 15

reducing inflammatory cell numbers and their activation in the airways

Answer 15

Corticosteroids

Question 16

Corticosteroids reduces ____________ in the airways and sputum, and numbers of _____________ and surface mast cells in the airway mucosa.

Answer 16

eosinophils; T-lymphocytes

Question 17

switch off the transcription of multiple activated genes that encode inflammatory proteins

Answer 17

Corticosteroids

Question 18

genes that encode inflammatory proteins

Answer 18

cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes.

Question 19

Increase expression of β2-receptors

Answer 19

Corticosteroids

Question 20

Inhaled (ICS) example

Answer 20

fluticasone, budesonide

Question 21

the most effective controllers for asthma

Answer 21

Inhaled (ICS)

Question 22

Systemic Corticosteroids examples

Answer 22

hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone

Question 23

treatment of acute severe asthma

Answer 23

Systemic Corticosteroids

Question 24

Oral corticosteroid example

Answer 24

prednisolone or prednisone

Question 25

treat acute exacerbations of asthma

Answer 25

Oral corticosteroid example

Question 26

Antileukotrienes Cysteinyl – Leukotrienes examples

Answer 26

montelukast and zafirlukast (Antileukotrienes)

Question 27

Block cys-LT 1 -receptors and provide modest clinical benefit in asthma.

Answer 27

montelukast and zafirlukast (Antileukotrienes)

Question 28

Given orally once or twice daily and are well tolerated

Answer 28

montelukast and zafirlukast (Antileukotrienes)

Question 29

T/F: montelukast and zafirlukast (Antileukotrienes) are less effective than ICS in controlling asthma and have less effect on airway inflammation

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium

Answer 30

Cromones

Question 31

inhibit mast cell and sensory nerve activation effective in blocking trigger- induced asthma

Answer 31

Cromones

Question 32

treatment of childhood asthma

Answer 32

Cromones

Question 33

T/F: Cromones are short acting

Answer 33

T

Question 34

useful for patients with coexisting allergic rhinitis;

Answer 34

Antihistamines

Question 35

reduce admission rate and improve FEV1 in severe, acute asthma exacerbations and in stable, chronic asthma.

Answer 35

Magnesium sulfate

Question 36

Magnesium sulfate is administered ____________

Answer 36

intravenously

Question 37

Magnesium may also improve respiratory muscle strength in ______________ patients

Answer 37

hypomagnesemic

Question 38

using injected extracts of pollens or house dust mites has not been very effective in controlling asthma and may cause anaphylaxis

Answer 38

Immunotherapy

Question 39

anti-IgE compound used for severe asthma and concurrent allergies

Answer 39

Omalizumab (Xolair)

Question 40

reduce the number of exacerbations in patients with severe asthma and may improve asthma control.

Answer 40

Omalizumab (Xolair)

Question 41

administered twice monthly as an injection in a specialty physician’s office

Answer 41

Omalizumab (Xolair)

Question 42

symptom relief, or before exercise or allergen exposure

Answer 42

Reliever

Question 43

T/f: Controller targets both domains of asthma control

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Example of Controller Medication

Answer 44

ICS, LABA, ICS-LABA, Leukotriene modifiers, Chromones

Question 45

Add-on Controller Medications

Answer 45

Long-acting anticholinergic, Anti-IgE, Anti-IL5, Anti-IL5R, Anti-IL4R, Systemic corticosteroids

Question 46

Reliver medication examples

Answer 46

SABA, Low Dose ICS-formoterol, Short-acting anticholinergics