ASTR - Intro to the Universe Test 1

Question 1

What is the Universe?

Answer 1

The entirety of everything that is physical.

Question 2

What is the universe made up of?

Answer 2

Galaxies

Question 3

What are galaxies made up of?

Answer 3

Stars

Question 4

What could each star potentially be?

Answer 4

A solar system

Question 5

What do you call a star with planets orbiting it?

Answer 5

Solar system

Question 6

What may orbit the planets?

Answer 6

Moon (natural satellites)

Question 7

What are planets?

Answer 7

Non-stellar objects that orbit s a central star

Question 8

How many planet does our solar system have?

Answer 8

8

Question 9

Name the planets in order.

Answer 9

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Question 10

What are the 2 types of planets?

Answer 10

Terrestrial and Jovian

Question 11

What are the terrestrial planets?

Answer 11

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

Question 12

What are the Jovian planets?

Answer 12

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Question 13

What makes a planet terrestrial?

Answer 13

• Close to the sun
• Closely spaced orbit
• Small masses
• Small radii
• Predominately rocky
• Solid surface
• High density
• Slower rotation
• Weak magnetic fields
• Few moons
• No rings

Question 14

What makes a planet jovian?

Answer 14

• Far from the sun
• Widely paced orbits
• Large masses
• Large radii
• Predominately Gaseous
• No solid surface
• Low density
• Faster rotation
• Strong magnetic fields
• Many Moons
• Many rings

Question 15

What is the definition of a planet according to the International Astronomical Union (IAU)?

Answer 15

• orbits the sun (or a star)
• is large enough for its own gravity to make it spherical
• has “cleared the neighborhood” of smaller objects

Question 16

What are objects called if they orbit the Sun and are rounded by self-gravity, but have not cleared the neighborhood around their orbits called?

Answer 16

Dwarf Planets

Question 17

What is the definition of the a moon according to the IAU?

Answer 17

A body that orbits a planet

Question 18

What are spherical blobs of hot gas called?

Answer 18

Stars

Question 19

What kinds of gases does star contain?

Answer 19

• 75% hydrogen
• 24% helium
• 1% everything else

Question 20

What color are start from the hottest to the coolest?

Answer 20

• blue
• yellow
• red

Question 21

What can be used to measure the temperature of stars more accurately?

Answer 21

Spectroscopy

Question 22

What are 2 types of of clusters stars form?

Answer 22

• Open clusters

- Globular clusters

Question 23

What are open star clusters?

Answer 23

Thousands of stars that reside int the disks of galaxies

Question 24

What are globular star clusters?

Answer 24

Hundreds of thousands of stars located in the halo of galaxies

Question 25

What are the 4 types galaxies?

Answer 25

- Spiral - Barred Spiral - Elliptical - Irregular

Question 26

How large is Earth?

Answer 26

- about 13,000 km in diameter | - about 4 moons

Question 27

How large is Saturn and Jupiter in relation to Earth?

Answer 27

About 10 times larger than Earth

Question 28

How big are jovian planets in relation to terrestrial?

Answer 28

Jovian planets are about 10 times wider and taller than terrestrial planets

Question 29

How big is the Sun?

Answer 29

About 10 times larger than a Jovian planet.

Question 30

What are the types of stars?

Answer 30

- Supergiant Stars - Giant Stars - Main Sequence ("Normal") Stars - Dwarf Stars

Question 31

What are stars with plenty of hydrogen called?

Answer 31

Main Sequence Stars

Question 32

What are stars called that are running out of hydrogen fuel?

Answer 32

Supergiant stars, giant stars, and dwarf stars

Question 33

What are the size of Supergiants compared to our Sun?

Answer 33

They are hundreds of times larger

Question 34

What are the size of Giant stars compared to our Sun?

Answer 34

They are tens of times larger

Question 35

What is the size of White Dwarfs compared to our Sun?

Answer 35

They are hundreds of time smaller (they same size as a terrestrial planet)

Question 36

What is the size of Blue normal stars compared to our Sun?

Answer 36

They are roughly ten times larger

Question 37

What is the size of Red normal stars compared to our Sun?

Answer 37

They are roughly ten times smaller (the same size as a Jovian planet)

Question 38

What does a light year measure?

Answer 38

Time

Question 39

What is a light year?

Answer 39

the distance that light travels in one year

Question 40

What is the average spacing between stars?

Answer 40

4 to 5 light-years

Question 41

What is the distance from our Sun to the center of the galaxy?

Answer 41

28,000 light years

Question 42

What is the distance for he diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy?

Answer 42

100,000 light-years

Question 43

Where are the closest stars to the Sun located?

Answer 43

The Alpha-Centauri complex

Question 44

What star is closest to our sun?

Answer 44

Proxima Centauri

Question 45

How far away is the closest star to our Sun?

Answer 45

4.3 light-years away

Question 46

How far away is our moon?

Answer 46

About 30 Earth diameters away (375,000 km) (1.25 light-second)

Question 47

How big is the Sun in diameter?

Answer 47

About 100 Earths

Question 48

How far away is Earth from the Sun?

Answer 48

About 100 Sun diameters

Question 49

How many stars are in our galaxy?

Answer 49

About 100 billion

Question 50

What is the closest galaxy?

Answer 50

Andromeda

Question 51

How far away is the Andromeda Galaxy?

Answer 51

2.5 million light-years away (25 Milky Ways)

Question 52

How big is the Universe?

Answer 52

about 93 billion light-years in diameter