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Astronomy Part 1 > Astronomy Part 1 Section 1 > Flashcards

Astronomy Part 1 Section 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

1 Astronomical Unit

A

150,000,000 km

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2
Q

Describe the Earth

A

Rocky Planet with Iron Core 15,000 kilometers

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3
Q

Describe the Sun

A

A typical star, ball of hot gas, mostly hydrogen and helium 1,500,000 kilometers.

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4
Q

The sun is _____ times larger in diameter than the earth

A

100 times

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5
Q

The sun is _______ times larger the volume than the earth

A

1,000,000 times

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6
Q

Describe the Milkyway Galaxy

A

100,000 light years across, contains 100 billion stars, contains gas and dust clouds (new stars come from clusters of galaxies)

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7
Q

What is a scientific Theory?

A

an idea that proposes to explain observations. Consists of: observation, explanation, and prediction

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8
Q

What is a constellation?

A

Apparent groupings of bright stars in the sky usually at large ranges of distances, not physically associated.

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9
Q

How many constellations is the sky divided into?

A

88 constellations

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10
Q

What direction does the sky appear to rotate daily around the north star?

A

counterclockwise

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11
Q

Most Celestial objects rise in the _____ and set in the _____

A

Most Celestial objects rise in the east and set in the west

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12
Q

What do the pointer stars point to?

A

polaris, or the “north star”

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13
Q

Where is the polaris located?

A

At the end of the handle of the little dipper

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14
Q

What is the constellation Orion also known as?

A

Also known as “The Great Hunter”

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15
Q

Describe Orion (What it contains)

A

Brightest winter constellation, red supergiant, blue supergiant, orion nebula (region of very active star formation)

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16
Q

Hotter objects produce what color light?

A

Blue light

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17
Q

You can only see constellations located on the side of the sky _______ of the sun.

A

opposite

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18
Q

How many times does the Sun appear to move around the sky?

A

Once per year

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19
Q

How many constellations are located along the sun’s apparent path?

A

12 constellations

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20
Q

How long does the sun spend on each constellation?

A

One month

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21
Q

Define Astrology

A

Ancient superstition not based on the scientific method, not tested by observation or experiment

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22
Q

Deine Astronomy

A

A modern science, based on the laws of physics, verified by observation and experiment

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23
Q

Scientific Notation Problem: 1,000,000,000= ?

A

1.0 x 10^9 = 10^9

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24
Q

Scientific Notation Problem:

A

0.000000001 = 1.0 x 10^-9 = 10^-9

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25
When you drop a rock in a pond the wave crests travel in what direction?
Outward
26
How does water travel when the rock hits it?
It moves in a small circle
27
What direction does energy travel in a wave?
outward
28
What is radiation?
Means of transporting energy across space
29
What is an example of a form of electromagnetic radiation?
Light
30
What is electromagnetic radiation?
electric and magnetic disturbances that travel as a wave through space
31
What is the absolute speed limit in the universe?
Speed of light
32
What is the crest of a wave?
high point in a wave
33
What is the trough of a wave?
the low point in a wave
34
what is the amplitude?
heigh of a wave
35
what is wavelength?
distance between successive crests
36
what is a spectrum?
a separation of light into its constituent wave lengths using a prism or grating
37
What are the colors of visible light, long to short wavelengths
ROY G BIV red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
38
Describe the electromagnetic spectrum from long wavelength to short wavelength. (there should be 7)
Radio, microwave, infared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray
39
1 nanometer
10^-9 m
40
What is a photon?
A packet of energy which acts like a particle, they are the smallest unit
41
What is the equation for photon energy?
E= hv= hc/lambda
42
The higher the frequency of a photon the ______ the energy?
higher
43
The longer the wavelength the ______ the energy
lower
44
Which of the electromagnetic spectrum has the least energy?
Radio
45
Which of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest amount of energy?
gamma ray
46
What is a transverse wave?
oscillation is perpendicular to its travel direction
47
What is a longitudinal wave?
oscillation is parallel to its travel direction
48
What color is the earth's atmosphere?
opaque
49
What are the two "windows" of transparency in the earth's atmosphere?
radio and optical
50
All objects absorb and emit what kind of radiation?
electromagnetic
51
Hot objects emit more or less electromagnetic radiation than cooler objects?
more
52
Hotter objects have more or less energetic photons emitted?
More energetic
53
The color of a hot object shifts to what color when its temperature rises?
blue
54
Dark= cooler or hotter, and more or less infared?
Cooler, less IR
55
Light = cooler or hotter, and more or less infared?
Hotter, more IR
56
What happened in the demo with lighting the match with infared light?
heating a coil creates IR radiation which strikes the first reflector, the first reflector makes light rays parallel, second reflector focuses light on match head, the match bursts into flames. Thus, energy has traveled through space as a IR electromagnetic wave
57
What are the numbers for the temperature scale (absolute, zero, water freezing temp and water boil temp) for farenheit, celsius, and kelvin
Farenheit: -460, 32, 212 Celsius: -273, 0, 100 Kelvin: 0, 273, 373
58
What is a blackbody?
ideal absorber and emitter of electromagnetic radiation
59
What is an example of a blackbody?
heated bar of iron, stellar photosphere
60
Describe the blackbody curve spectrum
plot of intensity versus wavelength for a blackbody of a given temperature. LOOK AT THE DIAGRAM the wavelength decreases as the temperature increases. The hotter the black body the more peak shifts to the blue. at any wavelength a hotter black body has a larger intensity.
61
What is the formula for a blackbody?
lambda = const/temperature ( in kelvin)
62
What is Kirchoff's first law?
a hot solid object or dense gas produces a continuous spectrum, complete rainbow, all wavelengths seen, no spectral lines (heated bar of iron, ideal black body)
63
What is Kirchoff's second law?
A low density, hot gas produces a emission line spectrum, series of bright lines, no emission between lines, (neon signs, bright interstellar clouds)
64
What is the constellation Gemini also known as?
"The Twins"
65
Where can you see Gemini in the evening?
high in the east
66
Describe the constellation Gemini
symbol Roman II, rectangular shape, brightest two stars: castor and pollux, consits of six stars, 3 binaries in mutual orbit, jupiter is now in Gemini
67
Where can jupiter be found?
Jupiter is presently nearly opposite the sun in the sky, it is visible throughout the night
68
Where can venus be found?
Venus is nearly between the earth and the sun, rises in the south east just before the sun, best between 7 and 9 am
69
What is kirchoffs third law?
A low density cooler gas produces an absorption line spectrum when viewed in front of a hotter continuous source, see continuous spectrum with dips at certain wavelengths, dark lines among colors of the rainbow (galaxies, other stars, photosphere of the sun)
70
What is the visible spectrum of hydrogen called?
the balmer series
71
What are the first three balmer lines?
H (fish) 656 nm red H B 486 nm blue/green H V 434 nm Blue, violet
72
What is the spectroscopic method?
every element or compound produces a unique set of lines, a finger print. Wavelengths of lines can be calculated theoretically and measure in a lab, identification of lines in spectra of celestial object gives composition and physical state of object
73
Describe an atomic structure
nucleus: central structure, protons and neutrons, electrons orbit around nucleus
74
What does a normal hydrogen atom consist of?
nucleus: 1 proton | 1 electron orbits nucleus
75
Larger orbit means a _____ energy level
higher
76
When are photons emitted or absorbed?
when an electron changes orbit
77
What happens when a larger orbit changes to a smaller orbit?
Higher energy, to lower energy, photon is emitted
78
What happens when a smaller orbit changes to a larger orbit?
Lower energy to higher energy, photon is absorbed
79
What is photon energy?
the energy different between two orbits
80
What is ionization?
An atom absorbs sufficiently energetic photon to cause the electron to jump out of the atom

Astronomy Part 1 (2 decks)

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