AT02 - Arch Flashcards

Learn architectural terms relating to Arch (62 cards)

1
Q

A curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to support a vertical load primarily by axial compression.

A

ARCH

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2
Q

An arch constructed of individual stones or brick voussoirs.

A

MASONRY ARCH

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3
Q

Any of the wedge-shaped units in a masonry arch or vault, having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers.

A

VOUSSOIR

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4
Q

The first voussoir resting on the impost of an arch.

A

SPRINGER

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5
Q

The wedge-shaped, often embellished voussoir at the crown of an arch, serving to lock the other voussoirs in place.

A

KEYSTONE

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6
Q

The exterior curve, surface, or boundary of the visible face of an arch. Also called back.

A

EXTRADOS

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7
Q

The exterior curve, surface, or boundary of the visible face of an arch. Also called extrados.

A

BACK

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8
Q

A decorative molding or band on the face of an arch following the curve of the indrados.

A

ARCHIVOLT

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9
Q

The inner curve or surface of an arch forming the concave underside.

A

INTRADOS

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10
Q

The height of an arch from the spring line to the highest point of the intrados.

A

RISE

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11
Q

The point at which an arch, vault, or dome rises from its support. Also, springing.

A

SPRING

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12
Q

The point at which an arch, vault, or dome rises from its support. Also, spring.

A

SPRINGING

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13
Q

The highest part or point of a convex construction, such as an arch, vault, or roadway.

A

CROWN

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14
Q

Either side of an arch curving down from the crown to the impost.

A

HAUNCH

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15
Q

The uppermost part of an abutment, often in the form of a block, capital, or molding, from which an arch springs.

A

IMPOST

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16
Q

The triangular-shaped, sometimes ornamented area between the extrados of two adjoining arches, or between the left or right extrados of an arch and the rectangular framework surrounding it. Also, spandril.

A

SPANDREL

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17
Q

Any of several concentric rings of masonry forming an arch, esp. when each projects beyond the one below.

A

ORDER

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18
Q

A crosspiece connecting the ribs in a centering. Also called bolster.

A

LAG

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19
Q

A crosspiece connecting the ribs in a centering. Also called lag.

A

BOLSTER

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20
Q

A temporary framework for supporting a masonry arch or vault during construction until the work can support itself.

A

CENTERING

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21
Q

An archway having sides or jambs not at right angles with the face of its abutments.

A

SKEW ARCH

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22
Q

A board used as centering for a flat arch, slightly crowned to allow for settling of the arch. Also called camber slip.

A

CAMBER PIECE

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23
Q

A board used as centering for a flat arch, slightly crowned to allow for settling of the arch. Also called camber piece.

A

CAMBER SLIP

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24
Q

The manner in which an arch transforms the vertical forces of a supported load into inclined components and transmits them to abutments on either side of the archway.

A

ARCH ACTION

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25
The **median line** of an *arched structure*.
ARCH **AXIS**
26
The set of **resultants** of ***thrust*** and ***weight*** of each part of an arch *imposes* on the *next lower one*. * *For bending to be eliminated throughout an arch, the line of thrust must coincide with the arch axis.*
**LINE** OF **THRUST**
27
The **outward** *force* or *pressure* exerted by *one part* of a structure *against another*.
**THRUST**
28
The **thrust** of an arched structure on its *abutments*. * *proportional to the total load and span* * *inversely proportional to the rise*
**DRIFT**
29
An arch shaped to develop *only* **axial compression** under a given loading. This shape may be found by *inverting* the ***funicular*** shape for a *cable* carrying a *similar loading pattern*. * As with any ***funicular* structure**, a funicular arch is *subject to bending if the loading pattern changes.*
**FUNICULAR** ARCH
30
The funicular shape for an arch carrying a **vertical load** *uniformly distributed* along the *length of the arch axis.*
**INVERTED** CATENARY
31
The funicular shape for an arch carrying a **vertical load** *uniformly distributed* over its *horizontal projection*.
**PARABOLA**
32
An arched structure of timber, steel, or reinforced concrete, constructed as a **rigid body** capable of carrying *bending stresses*.
**RIGID** ARCH
33
A **fixed** *frame* structure having an *arched* form. See **frame** structure.
**FIXED** ARCH
34
A **two-hinged** *frame* structure having an *arched* form. See **frame** structure.
**TWO-HINGED** ARCH
35
A **three-hinged** *frame* structure having an *arched* form. See **frame** structure.
**THREE-HINGED** ARCH
36
The **part** of a structure **receiving** and **supporting** the *thrust* of an arch, vault or strut.
**ABUT**MENT
37
An iron or steel rod serving as a **structural tie**, especially one *keeping* the lower *ends* of an arch or frame *from spreading*.
TIE ROD
38
An *arch* having a **horizontal *intrados*** with *voussoirs* radiating from a center below, often built with a *slight camber* to allow for settling. Also called **jack arch**.
**FLAT** ARCH
39
An *arch* having a **horizontal *intrados*** with *voussoirs* radiating from a center below, often built with a *slight camber* to allow for settling. Also called **flat arch**.
**JACK** ARCH
40
A *flat arch* having *voussoirs* **inclined** to the ***same angle*** on each side of the center.
**FRENCH** ARCH
41
A **primitive** form of arch consisting of *two stones* laid **diagonally** to support each other over an opening.
**TRIANGULAR** ARCH
42
A **false** arch constructed by **corbeling** courses from each side of an opening until they meet at a midpoint where a *capstone* is laid to complete the work. The stepped reveals may be smoothed, but *no arch action* is effected.
**CORBEL** ARCH
43
An arch having a *continuously* **curved *intrados***, especially a *semicircular* one.
**ROUND** ARCH
44
An arch having a **semicircular** ***intrados***.
**ROMAN** ARCH
45
An arch having *one impost* **higher** than the other.
**RAMPANT** ARCH
46
An arch resting on imposts treated as *downward* **continuations** of the *archivolt*.
**STILTED** ARCH
47
A round arch resting on **two large corbels** with *curved faces*.
**BELL** ARCH
48
An arch having an *intrados* that **widens** above the *springing* before **narrowing** to a *rounded crown*. Also called **Moorish arch**.
**HORSESHOE** ARCH
49
An arch having an *intrados* that **widens** above the *springing* before **narrowing** to a *rounded crown*. Also called **horseshoe arch**.
**MOORISH** ARCH
50
An arch having a *cusped intrados* with **three round** or **pointed foils**.
**TREFOIL** ARCH
51
An arch **struck** from one or more centers *below* the *springing line*.
**SEGMENTAL** ARCH
52
A **stone** or **course of masonry** having a *sloping face* against which the end of a *segmental arch* rests.
**SKEW**BACK
53
A **three-centered arch** having a *crown* with a *radius* much *greater* than that of the outer pair of curves. Also called ***anse de panier***.
**BASKET-HANDLE** ARCH
54
A **three-centered arch** having a *crown* with a *radius* much *greater* than that of the outer pair of curves. Also called **basket-handle arch**.
ANSE DE PANIER
55
An arch having a **pointed** *crown*.
**POINTED** ARCH
56
A pointed arch having *two centers* and *radii* **equal** to the *span*
**EQUILATERAL** ARCH
57
A pointed arch, especially one having **two centers** and **equal radii**.
**GOTHIC** ARCH
58
A pointed arch having *two centers* and *radii* **greater than** the *span*.
**LANCET** ARCH
59
A pointed arch having *two centers* and *radii* **less than** the *span*.
**DROP** ARCH
60
A **four-centered** arch having an *inner pair* of curves with a radius much ***greater than*** that of the *outer pair*.
**TUDOR** ARCH
61
An arch having a *rise* of **less than half** the *span*.
**SURBASED** ARCH
62
A pointed arch, each *haunch* of which is a **double curve** with the *concave* side *uppermost*.
**OGEE** ARCH