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Gastrointestinal > Aterial Supply, Venous Drainage And Nervous Innervaton Of The GI Tract > Flashcards

Aterial Supply, Venous Drainage And Nervous Innervaton Of The GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What does the GIT develop into in the embryo?

A

Three sections
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

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2
Q

What branches from the abdominal aortic the supply to GI tract?

A

3 large unpaired arteries

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3
Q

What supplies the foregut as a branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Coeliac trunk/axis

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4
Q

What supplies the midgut as a branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

What supplies the hindgut as a branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

What supplies the spleen?

A

The splenic artery

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7
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

The distal 3rd of the transverse colon and down the descending and sigmoid colon and the upper part of the rectum

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8
Q

What supplies the rectum?

A

Superior rectal artery which is terminal branch from the inferior mesenteric artery
Middle and inferior rectal artery from internal iliacs

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9
Q

Where is the pancreas derived from?

A

The foregut from the dorsal and ventral bud

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10
Q

What is the pancreas supplied by?

A

Coeliac trunk and small branch from SMA

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11
Q

Which organs are derived for the foregut/supplied by the coeliac trunk?

A

Oesophagus
Stomach
Proximal 1 1/2 parts of the duodenum
Accessory organs - liver, gallbladder, superior portion of the pancreas, spleen

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12
Q

What s derived from the midgut/supplied by the superior mesenteric artey?

A 
Distal 2 1/2 parts of duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 transverse colon
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13
Q

What is derived from the hindgut/supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Distal 1/ of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

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14
Q

Where does the celiac artery arise?

A

Almost straight after aortic hiatus in diaphragm around T12

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15
Q

How many branches does the celiac artery branch into?

A

3

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16
Q

What is the smallest/first branch of the celiac artery?

A

Left gastric artery

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17
Q

Where does left gastric artery supply?

A

Runs up left of oesophagus and passes back and runs own lesser curvature of stomach giving off branches

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18
Q

What is the biggest terminal branch of the celiac artery?

A

Splenic artery

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19
Q

Where does the splenic artery run?

A

From the celiac trunk, behind the stomach along the superior border of the pancreas, towards the hilum of the spleen, giving off the short gastric branches to the fundus of the stomach and the gastroepiploic branches

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20
Q

Where does the left gastroepiploic artery run?

A

Along the greater curvature of the stomach where it anastomoses wth the right gastroepiploic artey

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21
Q

What is the lesser curvature supplied by?

A

Gastric arteries

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22
Q

What is the greater curvature of the stomach supplied by?

A

Gastroepiploic arteries

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23
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac artery?

A

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Hepatic artery / common hepatic artery

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24
Q

What does the common hepatic artery run into?

A

The hepatic proper

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25
Q

Where does the hepatic artery run to?

A

Runs up and branches to the left and right lobes of the liver

26
Q

What does the hepatic artery run alongside?

A

The portal vein

27
Q

Where does the hepatic artery run?

A

The free edge of the lesser omentum with the hepatoduodenal ligaments on the edge of it along with the bile duct

28
Q

What branches off the hepatic artery?

A

Right gastric artery which passes up the lesser curvature to anastomose with the left
Gastroduodenal artery which give off the right gastroepiploic artery
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery which supplies bits of head of the pancreas and bits of the duodenum

29
Q

Why is it okay if there is a blockage in the left gastric artery?

A

Thee is still a blood supply to the lesser curvature of the stomach from the right gastric artery

30
Q

What gives off the right gastroepiploic artery?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

31
Q

Where do the left and right gastroepiploic arteries meet?

A

The greater curvature of the stomach

32
Q

Explain how the right gastroepiploic artery is derived from the celiac artery initially

A

The right gastroepiploic artery is derived from the gastroduodenal artery which s derived from the hepatic artery which is derived from the celiac artery

33
Q

What branch supplies the pancreas from the superior mesenteric artery?

A

The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

34
Q

At what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery branch off the abdominal aorta?

A

L1

35
Q

What does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery anastomose with at the head of the pancreas?

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

36
Q

Where does the midgut start/what does the SMA supply?

A

Hepatoduodenal papillae (distal 2 1/2 parts of the duodenum) and runs all the way along the jejunum, the ileum, the caecum, the appendix, up the ascending colon and to proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon just before the left splenic flexure

37
Q

What is the right colic artery a branch of?

A

The SMA

38
Q

What does right colic artery supply?

A

Right side of colon so supplied caecum and ascending colon

39
Q

What artery runs along the mesentery?

A

Ileocolic artery

40
Q

What branches off the ileocolic artery?

A

Anterior and posterior cecal artery

Appendicular artery

41
Q

What artery runs in the appendicular mesentery towards the appendix?

A

Appendicular artery

42
Q

Which arteries run in between the sheets of the mesentery?

A

Jejunal arteries and illegal arteries

43
Q

What artery supplies most of the transverse colon?

A

Middle colic artery

44
Q

What branches from the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Ileocolic artery
Middle colic artery
Right colic artery

45
Q

Where does the left colic artery supply?

A

Left part of colon, descending colon and distal 1/3rd of transverse colon

46
Q

What branches from the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Left colic artery
Sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery (termination)

47
Q

What is the big anastomoses around the colon described as?

A

The marginal artery - connection between right middle and left colic artery form one line

48
Q

What does venous blood from the greater part of the GI tract and accessory organs drain to the liver by?

A

Portal Venous System

49
Q

What is the portal vein formed by?

A

The union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins behind the neck of the pancreas

50
Q

When the portal vein enters the liver, what happens?

A

It breaks up not sinusoids, from which blood passes into the hepatic veins that join the inferior vena cava

51
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Modified capillaries with really large pores

52
Q

What does not form the portal vein but still drains into the portal system?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein - usually drains into splenic vein

53
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

Drugs absorbed through the GIT are metabolised by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation so only a small amount of active drug reaches the circulation

54
Q

Where do small communications between the portal and systemic systems exist?

A

Oesophageal (lower third of oesophagus)
Rectal (branches from rectal veins)
Paraumbilical
Retroperitoneal (colic)

55
Q

Where does the superior rectal vein come from?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

56
Q

Where do middle and inferior rectal veins come from?

A

Internal iliac

57
Q

What is oesophageal varices?

A

Portal hypertension, commonly caused by cirrhosis
Dilated veins in lower third of oesophagus
Can lead to life threatening haemorrhaging

58
Q

What nerves have a craniosacral outflow?

A

Parasympathetic nerves

59
Q

What nerves have thoracolumbar outflow?

A

Sympathetic trunk

60
Q

What is the GI’s nervous system?

A

Enteric nervous system which works with the autonomic (para/sympathetic) nervous system

61
Q

What is the rest & digest nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic

62
Q

What is the sympathetic ns?

A

Inhibits activity of GIT

Fight or flight response

Gastrointestinal (11 decks)

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