Atheltic Injuries Flashcards by K R

Bio mechanical principles of injury- loading

Under load a tissue experiences deformation
Deformation can be visualized through deformation curve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elastic region (low, small)

Capacity of a tissue to return it its original shape after removal of load

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elastic limit (deformation)

Plastic region begins
Tissue no longer processes elastic properties

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plastic region

Permanent tissue deformation (does not return to its original shape)
Resulting in failure (sprains= ligaments)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ultimate failure

Macro or complete failure ( torn ligament)
Tissue becomes completely unresponsive to loads

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tissue responses to training loads

Training load = < elastic limit
Macro failure = building new tissue
Positive training effect

Training load+ > elastic limit
Permanent failure
Injury

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Forces acting on tissue

Tension: pulling up and down
Compression: pushing in from bottom and top
Bending
Shear: pushing right and left
Torsion: twisting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Injury treatment

Received by patient from a health care professional
Promotes healing
Improves quality of injured tissues
Allows quicker return to activity
Want scar tissues to align so you still have range of motion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Injury rehabilitation

Therapists restoration of inured tissue + patent is participation
-individualized for each perosn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Healing phases

Inflammatory response phase : 2-4 days
Fibroblastic repair phase: hours- 6 weeks
Maturation-remodeling phase: 3 weeks- years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inflammatory response phase ( what to do/signs)

Inflammation begins at time of injury
Signs
-redness
-swelling
-pain
-increased temperature
-loss of function

Protect
Rest
Cryotherapy (reduces swelling, pain and spasms
Compression- decreased swelling
Elevation - decreases swelling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibroelastic repair phase

Repair and scar formation
Granulation tissue fills the gap
Collagen fibres are deposited by fibroblasts

Rehab specific exercises - restore ROM
Manual massage therapy and ultrasound - break down scar tissue
Protective taping and bracing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Maturation-remodeling phase

Remodeling or realigning of scar tissue
More aggressive stretching and strength ting - organizes the scar tissue along th lines of tensile stress
Include sport specific skills and activities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pain

Natures way of telling us something is wrong
One of the best indicators to stop play

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Problem with ignoring pain

Masking with medications and continued pain can lead to

-pushing injured tissue closer to yield-level point
-addiction
-gastrointestinal complications

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Soft tissue injuries (examples)

Contusions
Strains and sprains
Dislocations
Fractures
Concussions
Growth plate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contusions

Bruise
Compressing force crushes tissue
Discolouration and swelling; bleeding underneath skin
PRICE treatment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Myositis ossificans

Abnormal bone formation in severe contusion
Life-threatening if the tissue involved is a vital organ

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Strains

Tendon or muscle tissue is torn or stretched

Sprain

Ligament or joint capsule is stretched or torn

Grade of sprains and strains: Grade 1

Slightly stretched or torn; few muscle fibres

Grades of sprains and strains: Grade 2

Moderately stretched or torn, more muscle fibres

Grades of sprains and strains: Grade3

Complete rupture
Surgery required
Only 2% wont need surgery eg. ACL tear

Common strains (muscle/ placement)

Quadriceps
Adductors
Hip flexors
Hamstrings (most common)
Rotator cuff

Hamstring strains

Most frequent Mechanism: rapid contraction in lengthened position (sprinting or running Due to strength imbalance -hamstring strength < quadriceps strength Should double hamstring work

Dislocations

High enough forces push the joint beyond its normal anatomical limits Joint surface come apart

Simple fracture

Stays within the surrounding tissue More mild

Compound fracture

Protrudes from skin

Stress fracture

Results from relates low magnitude loads -often go unnoticed

Avulsion fracture

Involves tendon or ligament pulling small chip of bone

Concussions (mechanism/symptoms)

Injury to brass Mechanism: -violent shaking or jarring action of the skull -brain bounces inside skull Symptoms -confusion -temporary loss of brain function Rest * no such thins as a minor concussion or shaking it off

Overuse injuries (results from/due to)

Due to -no sufficient recovery -repeated and accumulated micro trauma Results from -poor technique -poor equipment -too much training -type of training

Stress fractures

Results from low magnitude repeated fore’s Small disruption of the outer bone layer Weakened bone Cortical bone fracture (outside) Not shin splints

Shin splints

Pain alongside tibial surface Involves pain and inflammations No disruption of cortical bone

Injury related to growth

During rapid growth, growth plates are wider apart therefore more. Vulnerable to growth plate injury (stop growing)

Peak height velocity (growth)

Velocity of growth reaches its maximum during peak height velocity (PHV) Age at PHV on average Females= 12 yrs males = 14 yrs

Epiphysis growth plate (how does it break)

Breaks by compression forces Contact sport

Apophyseal growth plate ( gets broken by)

Tensile pulling forces Overuse

Epiphyseal

End of long bones Under compression forces Damage can be accuse or Chronoscope Damage can result in premature fusion (ossification) of bone which could lead to that injured bone being shorter

Apophyseal

Generic name for bony bumps that have tendons (muscles) attached Growth plate is between bump and shaft Tensile force (traction) Muscles contract and pull on the bump which in turn pull on growth plate Mainly damaged by chronic (over use) Severe pull can cause avulsion fracture

Growth plates (physis)(most vulnerable to and when )

Growth plates are widest (most vulnerable) To damages during adolescent (PHV) Most vulnerable to shear forces and torsion (twisting)

Epiphyseal growth plates: distal femur

Just above knee By far greatest amount of growth in total leg length occurs at this growth plate Growing pain = bc its so rapid

Apophyseal growth plate: tibial tuberosity

Inflammations of tibial tuberosity = os good-Schlatters

Apophyseal growth plate: calcanela tuberosity

Inflation = severes diseas Heel

Injury prevention

Warm up and cool down Protective equipment Keeping fit and flexible -use it or lose it -especially important during off season Eating and resting -proper nutrient -adequate rest

Subluxation

-when supporting structures (ligaments) are stretched or torn enough -bony surfaces partially segregate Most common = fingers Can be chronic