ATI CH 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Large volume IV infusions are administered for how long?

A

On a continuous basis

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2
Q

How may a IV medication be mixed?

A

It may be mixed in a large volume of fluid & given as a continuous IV infusion OR mixed In a Small amount of solution and given intermittently.

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3
Q

What is a fluid bolus?

A

A large amt of IV fluid given in a short period of time, usually in less than one hr. It is given to rapidly replace fluid loss
That could be caused by dehydration, shock, hemorrhage
, burns or trauma.

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4
Q

What are the appropriate size gauges for IV’s?

A

16 guage for trauma clients
18 guage for surgical clients, rapid blood administration
22-24 guage for all other adult clients.

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5
Q

How do you select a vein for IV solutions?

A

Choose distal veins on non dominant hand
A site that is not painful or bruised
A vein that is resilient, with a soft, bouncy feeling.

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6
Q

What are signs of infiltration?

A

Pallor, local swelling, decreased skin temp around the site, damp dressing, slowed infusion.

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7
Q

What is the treatment of a IV that has been infiltrated?

A

Stop infusion & remove catheter
Elevate extremity
Encourage active range of motion
Apply cold or warm compress based on the type of solution that infiltrated the tissue.
Check w/ provider to see if IV still needed.

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8
Q

What are the complications of a extravasated IV?

A

Pain, burning, redness, swelling

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9
Q

What is the treatment of a extravasated IV?

A

Stop infusion, notify provider

Follow facility protocol, which may include infusing an antidote through the catheter before removal.

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10
Q

What is a nursing intervention of a hematoma (ecchymosis) at IV site?

A

Do not apply alcohol
Apply pressure after catheter removal
Use warm compress and elevation when bleeding stops

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11
Q

What are some preventions of a hematoma(ecchymosis) at the IV site?

A

Minimize tourniquet time
Remove tourniquet before starting IV infusion
Maintain pressure after catheter removal

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12
Q

What would you do if you found a catheter embolus?

missing catheter tip when discontinued, severe pain at site with migration, or no symptoms of migration

A

Place the tourniquet high on the extremity to limit venous flow
Prepare for removal via X-ray or surgery
Save the catheter after removal to determine the cause

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13
Q

What are preventions of a catheter embolus?

A

Do not reinsert the stylet into the catheter
Check to be sure the IV catheter
Is intact at the time of IV removal.

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14
Q

What are signs of fluid overload via IV?

A

Distended neck veins, increased BP, tachycardia, SOB, crackles in the lungs
Edema

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15
Q

What are nursing interventions of fluid overload?

A
Slow the IV rate to keep the vein open in accordance to facility policy.
Raise the head of bed
Assess vital signs
Adjust rate as prescribed
Anticipate administration of diuretics
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16
Q

What are preventions for fluid overload?

A

Use an infusion pump

Monitor I&O

17
Q

What are signs & symptoms of cellulitis in IV therapy?

A

Pain, warmth, edema, induration, red streaking, fever, chills, and malaise.

18
Q

What is a nursing intervention of cellulitis?

A

Promptly discontinue the infusion n remove catheter
Elevate extremity
Apply warm compress 3-4x per day
Culture the site and cannula if drainage is present
Administer…antibiotics, analgesics, antipyretics

19
Q

What are some prevention strategies for cellulitis?

A

Rotate site at least every 72 hours
avoid the lower extremities
Use hand hygiene
Use surgical aseptic technique

20
Q

What are signs and symptoms of phlebitis/ thrombophlebitis?

A
Edema
Throbbing, burning, or pain at the site
Increased skin temp
Erythema
Red line up arm w/ a palpable band at the vein site
Slowed infusion
21
Q

What are treatments for phlebitis/ thrombophlebitis?

A

Promptly d/c infusion & remove catheter
Elevate extremity
Document size of infiltrated area/ estimate Amt of fluid present/ monitor site
Apply a cold compress to minimize the flow of blood, then a warm compress to increase circulation
Check w/ provider to see of still needed.

22
Q

What finding is indicative of phlebitis?

A

Palpable hard mass above insertion site

Pain at site

23
Q

What will minimize the risk of a catheter embolism?

A

Avoid reinserting the needle into an IV catheter.

24
Q

What are indicative findings of fluid overload?

A

SOB,
Crackles in lungs
Distended neck veins

25
Q

What is true when initiating IV therapy for an older adult?

A

Distended the veins by using a BP cuff. Do not use a tournique

26
Q

What does intravenous therapy consist of?

A

It involves administering fluids via a IV catheter for the purpose of providing medications, supplementing fluid intake, or giving fluid replacement , electrolytes, or nutrients.