Atlantica Superhero Minor Flashcards
(59 cards)
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Widespread exchange of plants, animals, food, slaves diseases and ideas between Eastern and Western Hemisphere after 1492
Why is it called the Columbian exchange?
Because it was kick started by the voyages of Christopher Columbus
How did the Potato get spread?
Before 1000 AD potato only grown in south America, 1840’s Ireland so reliant on potato’s that dieseased crop causes famine
Why was the spread of the Horse relevant to Native Americans?
Allowed them to hunt bison on horseback and transition to a nomadic lifestyle
What crops that are mainly found on Latin American plantations came from other continents?
Sugar cane from Asia and Coffee from Africa
What crops did indigenous people teach Europeans to grow?
Potatoes and corn which became staples in Afro-Eurasia
Why was corn great for the Chinese?
Could grow it in areas too dry for rice and too wet for wheat
What crops did corn replace in Africa to become the main crop?
Sorghum, millet, and rice
What did Europeans import to the Americas and what did they export?
Import: tomatoes, beans, cacco, peanuts, tabacco, squash
Export: cattle, pigs, horses
What do the Europeans imported livestock do the the American land?
Destroys it bc livestock have no natural predators bc of hooves and foraging
What is ecological imperialism?
plants and animals in the Americas gradually becoming more European
How much and in what ways did Europeans reduce the indigenous population after Columbus?
90% through warfare and diseases like smallpox and measles
What happened because of the mass death?
Land became unattended and overgrown, 55 mil hectacres, roughly the size of France
What happened bc of so much regrowth?
soaked up carbon dioxide, cools planet by average 0.15 C in late 15s early 16s known as little ice age
What are the affects of the little ice age?
river Thames would regularly freeze over, snow storms in Portugal, famines in several European countries bc of disrupted agriculture
How many Africans were shipped to the Americas and how many Europeans were emigrated?
between the 1500s and 1840 11.7 mill Africans
3.4 mill Europeans
for every Euro, 3 Africans
How many Native Americans were in the Western hemisphere when the Europeans got there?
tens of millions
Who was the majority in places not controlled by Native Americans?
Africans
Observations about the slave trade from the timelapse
goes first to south america and Caribbean
gets more frequent as it goes
a lot more going to SA and Carribean than to Europe or America
A lot of ships from Great Britian and France
Slaves at first from West Africa
Slaves from East Africa brought around the bottom of Africa to West Africa to be sold
as other countries die out Portugal and Britian still there but trade ends in 1860s
How many slaves were brought over between 1525 and 1866
12.5 mill, 2 mill did not surive
How were slaves treated on the ships?
stripped of clothing, possessions and hair
adults were chained in place below deck w 4 ft celings no ventilation and heat
had to relieve themselves where they sat
would be raped
What were rampant diseases on slave ships?
malaria, yellow fever, smallpox, measles, flu
How long would the slaves spend above deck?
8 hours, seperated by gender
What was the Zong and what happened on that boat?
442 enslaved people 62 enslaved and 7 crew members died of disease
capitan threw 130 overboard, argued that it was to prevent disease, did it for insurance benefits, on trial for “killing sick animals”
