Atomic model and properties Flashcards
What did john dalton do (5 postulates)
everything made of atoms
atoms are indistructible
atoms of same elemt have same phys and chem properties
diff elmts have diff atoms
compounds are made of many atoms
billard ball model
+ modelname
What did democritus say
atomos, things in which all matter is made of, cannot be broken down
What did jj thomson do
plum pudding model
found electron
cathod tube
What did max born do
found that shrodingers equations were not exact predictions, more like statistical predictions
What did rutherford do
gold foil exp, found nucleus with protons
atom mostly empty space
what did Henri
Becquerel
AND Marie
& Pierre
Curie do
discovered radiation and radioactivity
What did james chadwick do
Bombarded Be with fast
moving alpha particles
found neutrons, not affected by magnets
What did einstein do
ph
hypothesized that this light emitted is
also quantized – it comes in “bursts” not a
continuous stream of energy
electromagnetic radiation is a stream of particles called photons
also the vibration of atoms and movement of atoms in water
what did bohr do
electrons travel in certain energy levels, orbit the nucleus
quantum jumps , orbiting elect does not radiate
What did louis de broglie do
Suggested that all matter has both wave and particle
properties
suggested treating electron like waves
what did max planke do
q
matter absorbs or emits eng packets called quantum
matter can gain or lose energy
only in whole-number multiples
originator of quantum theory
What did Schrodinger do
w
made schrodinger wave eq to determine probability of finding electron in area (wave functions)
place with >90% of finding electrons = orbital
What did heinsenburg do
Heisenburg uncertainty principel - cannot know both location and speed of a particle (electron, photon) at the same time. The more we know about one the less we know about the other
What are the parts of atomic theory, who made them
4
atoms indestructible, same for same elmt diff for diff elmt - dalton
atoms have electrons, elmt based off amt of elect -jj thomson
atom has nucleus, electrons surround it, mostly air - rutherford
elects exist in specific orbits around nucl, can quantum jump with photons - bohr
Explain the quantum mechanical model of the atom,
with respect to wave theory, light and line spectra
light - eng of electrons exists as photons
electrons exist in discrete areas around nucl, electrons jump up eng lvl when photon is absorbed
line spectra - when photon released emits light
wave theory - electron position can be predicted using waves, electrons act like standing waves
Orbit vs orbital
orbit - circular, 2D, max electrons in one is 2n^2, fized path around nucl, violates heisenbug uncertainty principle
orbital - region is 3D, S,P,D,F shapes, maximum in it is 2, probable area of finding electrons at max density
Explain electron cluonds and density
Not known exactly where electrons are, have cloud area where they can be
places were their density is highest known from wave functions
What are the 4 quantum numbers and their meaning
ID for electrons
n = eng lvl ,shell #, 1 -> infi, higher = higher eng lvl ()
l = shape of orbital, (s,p,d,f), subshells, 0 -> (n-1)
ml = orientation of orbital -l -> +l
ms = spin of electron -1/2 or +1/2
What is the set of quantum numbers for one
electron in the 2s orbital
n = 2
l = 0
ms = 0
ml = +1/2
What is paulis exclusion principls
max 2 electrons per orbital
no 2 electrons can have the same qnums
must have diff spins
What is afbeus principle
each electron occupies lowest orbital available and that orbitals must
be filled from lowest energy to highest energy
what is hunds rule
every orbital in subshell (spdf) must have 1 electron of same spin before doubling
What are ways to show electronic nature of element through orbital
Electron configuration
Orbital diagram
Energy Level Diagram
what is diagonal memory device and how is it used in eng lvl diagrams
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
travel down diagonally from top right to bottom left to know next subshell and n
draw this upside down and then fill out like an orbital diagram
put them in a sidways pyramid pattern with the 2p in between 2s and 3s and the 2p in between the 3s and the 4s etc
