Atomic Structure

Question 1

What charge does a Proton have?

Answer 1

1.6 x 10^-19 C

Question 2

What charge does a Electron have?

Answer 2

-1.6 X 10^-19 C

Question 3

What mass does a Proton and Neutron have?

Answer 3

1.67 x 10^-27 kg

Question 4

What mass does an Electron have?

Answer 4

9.1 x 10^-31 kg

Question 5

What’s the number of Protons called?

Answer 5

Atomic number

Question 6

What letter represents the Atomic number?

Answer 6

Z

Question 7

What 2 names represents the number of protons and neutrons in an atom?

Answer 7

Nucleons

The atomic mass

Question 8

What letter represents the atomic mass number?

Answer 8

A

Question 9

An element with a specific number of protons and neutrons is called what?

Answer 9

A Nuclide

Question 10

What’s an Isotope?

Answer 10

Elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 11

Give an example of an Isotope

Answer 11

Deuterium which is an isotope of Hydrogen

Question 12

What’s an Isobar?

Answer 12

Nuclides with the atomic mass but different atomic number

Question 13

How does nuclei containing multiple protons (positive charges) stay together?

Answer 13

The strong force (Nuclear binding energy)

Question 14

What 2 things does the Nuclear binding energy represent?

Answer 14

The exact amount of energy required by the strong force to hold the nucleus together

The amount of energy required to break the strong force and allow the protons to escape the nucleus

Question 15

What’s the Mass defect?

Answer 15

The entire nucleus weighs slightly less than the sum of its nucleons

Question 16

How is the nucleus kept stable?

Answer 16

Neutrons

Question 17

What is the ratio of the number of protons to the number of neutrons in lighter nuclei?

Answer 17

1 : 1 ratio

Question 18

What is the ratio of the number of protons to the number of neutrons in heavier nuclei?

Answer 18

1 : 1.5 ratio

Question 19

What are unstable nuclides called?

Answer 19

Radionuclides

Question 20

What are unstable isotopes called?

Answer 20

Radioisotopes

Question 21

How do unstable nuclei become lighter and more stable?

Answer 21

By giving off energy in the form of radiation

Question 22

List the first 4 shell letters

Answer 22

K
L
M
N

Question 23

How do you calculate the maximum number of electrons a shell can hold?

Answer 23

2n^2

n = shell no.

Question 24

How many electrons does the M shell hold?

Answer 24

18

Question 25

Where do electrons hold a greater potential energy?

Answer 25

The further away they are from the nucleus

Question 26

How do electrons move up an energy level?

Answer 26

Gaining energy

Question 27

How do electrons move down an energy level?

Answer 27

losing energy

Question 28

What exists between the positive nucleus and the negative electron shells?

Answer 28

Electrostatic attraction

Question 29

What is electron binding energy?

Answer 29

The minimum amount of energy that is required to remove an electron from an atom

Question 30

What 2 things affect electron binding energy?

Answer 30

Shell level | Number of protons

Question 31

When the electrons are all in the correct shell, the atom is said to be?

Answer 31

At Ground state

Question 32

When an electron gains energy it can rise to a slightly higher energy state. What's this called?

Answer 32

Excitation

Question 33

How does an electron escape from an atom?

Answer 33

When the electron receives enough energy to match the electron binding energy

Question 34

When an electron escapes from an atom, what's this called?

Answer 34

Ionisation

Question 35

The downward movement of electrons moving into lower shells releases energy in what 2 ways?

Answer 35

Characteristic radiation | Auger electrons

Question 36

What does Characteristic radiation equal?

Answer 36

Difference in binding energy between the two shell levels

Question 37

What is an Auger electron?

Answer 37

When an electron receives enough energy it is released from the atom causing an electron to drop down to the lower shell to fill the vacancy. This releases energy which could then hit another electon causing it to escape the atom as an auger electron (If the energy is high enough).

Question 38

What's an Ion?

Answer 38

An atom which has lost an electron