Atomic structure *

Question 1

Fill the gaps :

atoms ______ be broken down into anything simpler
the atoms of a given element are __________ to each other
the atoms of _________ elements are _________ from one another
during chemical reactions atoms _________ to make different substances

Answer 1

atoms cannot be broken down into anything simpler
the atoms of a given element are identical to each other
the atoms of different elements are different from one another
during chemical reactions atoms rearrange to make different substances

Question 2

What three smaller particles can atoms be broken down into?

Answer 2

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 3

Fill the gaps :

atoms of an element have ___ _____ numbers of _______ and _________, but can have _________ numbers of ________
atoms of _________ elements have _________ numbers of _______ and ________

Answer 3

atoms of an element have the same numbers of protons and electrons, but can have different numbers of neutrons
atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons and electrons

Question 4

What is at the centre of an atom and what does it contain?

Answer 4

A nucleus containing protons and neutrons

Question 5

What surrounds the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 5

electrons arranged in shells

Question 6

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?

Answer 6

relative mass = 1
relative charge = +1

Question 7

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 7

relative mass = 1
relative charge = 0

Question 8

What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?

Answer 8

relative mass = 1/1835
relative charge = -1

Question 9

What is the atomic number of an atom?

Answer 9

the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 10

Fill the gaps :

all the atoms of a given element have the ____ atomic number
no two elements have the ____ atomic number
an atom contains _____ numbers of _______ and _________
since ______ and _________ have _____ and ________ charges, this means that atoms are ______ overall.

Answer 10

all the atoms of a given element have the same atomic number
the atomic number of each element is unique - no two elements have the same atomic number
an atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons
since protons and electrons have equal and opposite charges, this means that atoms are neutral overall.

Question 11

What is the mass number of an atom?

Answer 11

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 12

Where does the mass number appear on the periodic table?

Answer 12

at the top of the element

Question 13

Where does the atomic number appear on the periodic table?

Answer 13

at the bottom of the element

Question 14

How do you find the number of protons in an atom?

Answer 14

number of protons = atomic number

Question 15

How do you find the number of electrons in an atom?

Answer 15

number of electrons = atomic number

Question 16

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 16

number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number

Question 17

What is an isotope?

Answer 17

atoms of an element that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons in their nuclei

Question 18

Isotopes of the same element have :

the same…
different…

Answer 18

the same atomic number
different mass numbers

Question 19

Fill the gaps :

an isotope is named after the ________ and the ____ number of its atoms
for example, carbon-12 is an isotope of carbon with a mass number of __

Answer 19

an isotope is named after the element and the mass number of its atoms
for example, carbon-12 is an isotope of carbon with a mass number of 12