Atomic structure

Question 1

What is:
dependent variable
independent variable
control variable

Answer 1

Dependent variable: Variable you measure.
Independent variable: Variable you change.
Control variable: You keep same.

Question 2

What is JJ Thompson model called?

Answer 2

Plum pudding model.

Question 3

Name What charge does each subatomic particle have?

Answer 3

Electron = -1
Proton = +1
Neutron = 0

Question 4

Name 5 scientists who helped develop the modern atomic model .

Answer 4

Jhon Dalton
JJ Thompson
Ernest Rutherford
James chadwick
Niles Bohr

Question 5

What did Jhon Dalton suggest?

Answer 5

Jhon Dalton : All matter was made of tiny inseparable particles called atoms. Can make complex structure.

Question 6

What did JJ Thompson suggest?

Answer 6

JJ Thompson : Discovered plum pudding model. Ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it.

Question 7

What did Ernest Rutherford suggest?

Answer 7

(gold foil experiment The Geiger–Marsden experiments ) Ernest Rutherford: Came up with nuclear model there is tiny positively charged nucleus at the center where the mass is concentrated. This is surrounded in a cloud of negative electrons.

Question 8

What did James Chadwick suggest?

Answer 8

James Chadwick: Discovered neutral neutron.

Question 9

What did Niles Bohr suggest?

Answer 9

Niles Bohr: Proposed that the electrons where in in shells rather than in a ‘cloud’. That these electrons orbited the nucleus.

Question 10

Describe ‘plum pudding’ model.

Answer 10

An positive ball of charge that has negatively charged electrons embedded in it.

Question 11

What is an element?

Answer 11

element: all atoms same type

Question 12

What is a compound?

Answer 12

Compound: more than one type of atom chemically combined

Question 13

What is a mixture?

Answer 13

two or more substances (elements or compounds) [1] not chemically combined [1]

Question 14

State two ways in which Rutherford changed Thomson’s model of the atom (3)

Answer 14

positive charge [1] concentrated into very small volume at centre of atom (nucleus) [1] electrons orbit nucleus [1]
Geiger experiment

Question 15

Explain why the Noble gases have stable electronic arrangements

Answer 15

They have full outer shell/they are unreactive

Question 16

Complete the sentence ‘All atoms of one type of element have the same number of…’

Answer 16

Protons and electrons

Question 17

What does the atomic number tell us about an atom?

Answer 17

No. of protons and electrons in an atom.

Question 18

What does the mass number tell us about an atom?

Answer 18

Total mass of an atom

Question 19

How to find the no of sub atomic particles in an element?

Answer 19

number of protons = atomic number.
number of electrons = atomic number.
number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.

Question 20

Give the name of group 1 elements.

Answer 20

Alkali metals.

Question 21

When an element from group1 reacts what happens in terms of electrons?

Answer 21

They become ionised as the lose the one electron in their valence shell and become positively charged particles.

Question 22

What is group 7 called?

Answer 22

Halogens

Question 23

What is group 0 called?

Answer 23

Noble gas.

Question 24

In group 7 what is the reactivity trend?

Answer 24

Less reactive as you go down.

Question 25

In group 1 what is reactivity trend?

Answer 25

More reactive as you go down.

Question 26

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

Answer 26

In vertical Vertical rows and horizontal columns.

Question 27

Which scientists are involved in development of periodic table?

Answer 27

Dimitrov Mendeleev

Question 28

What was he able to do with his table?

Answer 28

Predict lots of new elements.

Question 29

What is a mixture?

Answer 29

two or more different substances that are only physically joined together, not chemically

Question 30

What is difference between element and compound?

Answer 30

Elements are pure substances which are composed of only one type of atom. Compound are substances which are formed by two or more different types of elements that are united chemically in fixed proportions.

Question 31

Explain why elements in many groups of the periodic table have similar chemical properties. (1)

Answer 31

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

Question 32

Explain how the position of an element in the periodic table is related to the arrangement of electrons in its atoms. (2)

Answer 32

The group no. of the element is the no. of electrons in its valence shell.

Question 33

What is an isotope?

Answer 33

An isotope is each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties.

Question 34

What is the relative mass equation ?

Answer 34

( mass a * abundance/overall ) + ( mass b *
abundance/overall )

Question 35

What is an ion?

Answer 35

An ion is a stable particle with full valence shell.

Question 36

What are properties of metals?

Answer 36

Shiny, conductor (metal and electricity), sonorous, ductile, malleable and high melting/boiling point.

Question 37

Properties of non-metal?

Answer 37

Dull, brittle.

Question 38

What are there more of metals or non-metals?

Answer 38

Metals.

Question 39

What is filtration?

Answer 39

Separating an insoluble solid from a liquid.

Question 40

What is crystallisation?

Answer 40

To separate a solid from a solution.

Question 41

what is Simple distillation?

Answer 41

To separate a solvent from a solution.

Question 42

what is fractional distillation?

Answer 42

Separating a mixture of liquids each with different boiling points.

Question 43

What is chromatography?

Answer 43

Separating substances that move at different rates through a medium.