atomic structure Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the relative charge and mass of a proton?
Charge = +1, Mass = 1. Proton: A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus.
What is the relative charge and mass of a neutron?
Charge = 0, Mass = 1. Neutron: A subatomic particle with no charge found in the nucleus.
What is the relative charge and mass of an electron?
Charge = -1, Mass = ~0. Electron: A negatively charged subatomic particle found in orbitals.
Define ‘isotope’.
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Define ‘shielding’.
The repulsion between electrons in different inner shells, which reduces the effective nuclear charge felt by the outer electrons.
Define ‘ionisation energy’.
The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.
What are successive ionisation energies?
The energies required to remove electrons one by one from the same atom in the gaseous state.
What does a large jump in successive ionisation energies suggest?
That the electron is being removed from a new shell closer to the nucleus (indicating group number).
What is the trend in ionisation energy across a period?
Increases due to increasing nuclear charge and constant shielding.
What is the trend in ionisation energy down a group?
Decreases due to increased shielding and atomic radius.
What are the 4 stages of TOF mass spectrometry?
1) Ionisation (electron impact or electrospray), 2) Acceleration, 3) Ion drift, 4) Detection.
What is high-resolution mass spectrometry used for?
To find molecular formulae by measuring atomic/molecular masses to several decimal places.
