Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

An element is one type of atom in a group

Question 2

What is a compound?

Answer 2

A compound is when two or more elements of different types chemically bond together. In a specific compound the number of each element is fixed

Question 3

What is a molecule?

Answer 3

A molecule includes any element that is chemically bound

Question 4

What is the relative charge of a neutron, proton and electron?

Answer 4

0,1,-1

Question 5

What is an isotope?

Answer 5

They are different forms of the same element which have the same amount of protons but different amount of nuetrons

Question 6

What can physical separation techniques break down?

Answer 6

Mixtures only

Question 7

What is filtration used for?

Answer 7

To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 8

What is crystallisation used for?

Answer 8

Used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid

Question 9

What is simple distillation?

Answer 9

Distillation is used to separate a liquid from a solid if we want to keep the liquid

Question 10

What is fractional distillation

Answer 10

The separation of a mixture of liquid which must have two different boiling points.

Question 11

How does distillation take place?

Answer 11

You evaporate the liquid like crystallisation then you put the liquid vapour into a condensing tube the condenser uses cold water flowing around the tube to cool the vapour down back into liquid into a beaker. A thermometer is also used it shows us that the temperature is rising.

Question 12

Give a use of simple distillation?

Answer 12

To make drinking water

Question 13

What equipment is different between simple and fractional distillation?

Answer 13

Fractional distillation has a long column with hundreds of glass beads inside this is called the fractionating col

Question 14

what does the fractionating column do?

Answer 14

because the water with the lower boiling point can evaporate easier than the other when both water vapours travel up the tube they condense and fall back into the flask this repeated process increases the amount of the lower boiling point vapour in the fractionating column.

Question 15

What is paper chromatography?

Answer 15

Allows us to separate substances based on their different solubility

Question 16

What are the phases in chromatography?

Answer 16

the paper-stationary phase because it doesn’t move

The solvent-the mobile phase

Question 17

How does paper chromatography work?

Answer 17

it works because each of the mixture will be attracted to the stationary phase to a different extent. Chemicals that are attracted ore won’t move very far.

Question 18

How do can you read the results of a chromatography test?

Answer 18

A pure chemical will produce a single spot in all solvents whereas a chemical in the mixture may separate into different spots depending on the solvent.

Question 19

What does the plum pudding model look like?

Answer 19

An atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it.

Question 20

What happened in the year 1897?

Answer 20

Scientists discovered tiny negative particles in the atom they called them electrons

Question 21

What happened in the year 1897?

Answer 21

Scientists discovered tiny negative particles in the atom they called them electrons. They have an internal structure

Question 22

Describe the alpha scattering experiment

Answer 22

Tiny alpha particles with a positive charge were fired at the thin gold foil most of the alpha particles went through the foil without changing direction but some changed direction even bounced back.

Question 23

How did scientists interpret the results of the alpha particle experiment?

Answer 23

They then believed atoms were mainly made up of empty space so they knew the plum pudding was wrong and because some were deflected the centre most be positively charged so the alpha particles would repel away from it. Because some atoms were sent straight back this told them the centre contained a great deal of mass.

Question 24

What charge does an atom have?

Answer 24

None

Question 25

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 25

0.1 nanometres

Question 26

What is the relative mass of all the sub atomic particles?

Answer 26

protons-1
nuetrons-1
electrons-very small