Atomic Structure and Bonding Flashcards
(38 cards)
Where are metals found on the periodic table?
Metals are found under the bold line.
Name groups 0, 1 and 7.
Group 0- Noble gasses
Group 1- Alkali metals
Group 7- Halogens
Link the number of outer electrons to the group number.
The number of outer electrons of an element matches the group number.
What elements have similar chemical properties?
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
What are the 3 sub-atomic particles, what’s their charge, mass and where are they found?
Proton
charge= 1+
mass= 1
location= inside the nucleus
Neutron
charge= 0
mass= 1
location= inside the nucleus
Electron
charge= 1-
mass= almost 0
location= in energy levels outside the nucleus
Describe the significance of Rutherford’s Gold Foil experiment.
Most of the particles passed straight through the foil without being deflected but occasionally some were deflected. This lead Rutherford to the conclusion that the cause of the deflections were due to the centre of the atom having a positive charge with the rest of the atom being mostly empty space.
What’s the atomic number?
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
What’s the mass number?
The mass number is equal to the number of protons added to the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Why are atoms neutral?
Atoms are neutral because they have an equal number of protons and electrons/positive and negative charges.
What is the structure of nuclide notation?
mass number
elements symbol
atomic number
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number and a different mass number.
What is a mass spectrometer used to find?
Scientists use a mass spectrometer to find:
- the number of isotopes present
- the mass of each isotope
- the relative proportion of each isotope as a percentage.
What is relative atomic mass and where can it be found in the data book?
The relative atomic mass is the average mass of the isotopes in a sample of an element. They are listed on page 7 of the data book.
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atom. They are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons.
How do you determine the charge of an ion?
The charge of an ion can be determined by finding the electron arrangement of the element and finding how many electrons need to be gained or lost to reach a stable outer energy level of 8. If the atom needs to gain electrons the charge will be the number of electrons it needs to gain then a -. If the atom needs to lose electrons the charge will be the number of electrons it needs to lose then a +.
What types of elements take part in covalent bonding?
non-metal
What type of elements take part in covalent bonding?
Non-metals
How are covalent bonds formed?
A covalent bond forms when two positive nuclei are held together by their common attraction for a shared pair of electrons.
What are the definitions of single, double and triple covalent bonds?
A single covalent bond consists of one pair of shared electrons.
A double covalent bond consists of two shared pair of electrons.
A triple covalent bond consists of three shared pair of electrons.
What are the 7 diatomic elements?
Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
What are the different shapes of molecules?
Linear, angular, trigonal pyramidal and tetrahedral.
What are the two types of covalent structures?
Covalent molecular and covalent network.
Describe the structure of covalent molecular substances.
Covalent molecular substances are made up of molecules joined together, in the liquid and solid states, by weak forces of attraction called van der Waals forces.
Why do covalent molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?
During melting and boiling it is only the weak forces of attraction that are broken. This process requires little energy so covalent molecular substances have low melting and boiling points.
