Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest form of matter that still retains the chemical properties of an element.
What is an atomic number?
The atomic number is the number of protons found within the element’s atom.
What is atomic mass?
Atomic mass is the weight of the atom’s neutrons and protons.
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an element with a different number of neutrons.
Electrons move around the nucleus in what specific regions?
Electrons move around the nucleus in specific regions called orbitals.
How do electrons fill electron shells?
Electrons fill the innermost electron shell first and then the outer.
How are electron shells able to be filled?
Electron shells are able to be filled by forming chemical bonds.
What is the outermost electron shell called?
The outermost electron shell is called the valence shell.
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is the strength with which the atom pulls electrons toward itself.
What is electronegativity determined by?
Electronegativity is determined by the number of protons in an atom and the distance of the valence shell from the nucleus.
What are the different types of chemical bonds?
The different types of chemical bonds include; Covalent bonds (strongest bond), Ionic bonds (second strongest bond), Hydrogen bonds (third strongest bond), and Van de Waal interactions (the weakest).
What are polar-covalent bonds?
Polar-covalent bonds are covalent bonds where electrons are not shared equally between atoms in molecules.
What are nonpolar-covalent bonds?
Nonpolar-covalent bonds are covalent bonds where electrons are shared equally between atoms.
What are ionic bonds?
Ionic bonds are bonds where atoms give up or gain electrons (not sharing electrons).
What are hydrogen bonds?
Hydrogen bonds are bonds where one atom in the bond is a hydrogen atom.
What are Van de Waals interactions?
Van de Waals interactions are weak attractions between two or more molecules.
What is required to break chemical bonds?
Energy is required to break chemical bonds
When do chemical reactions occur?
Chemical reactions occur when substances combine with another substance or break down into other substances.
What are chemical reactions written as?
Chemical reactions are written as equations.
Chemical reactions are always what?
Chemical reactions are always balanced. There are the same number of atoms on both sides of the equation.
