Carbon & Energy Flashcards
Except for water, almost all organisms have what type of molecule?
Except for water, almost all organisms have carbon. Life is carbon-based.
What are organic molecules?
Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon.
What are hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon.
What is stored in the covalent bonds of hydrocarbons?
Energy is stored in the covalent bonds and is released when the molecule burns (bonds breaking).
What are functional groups?
Functional groups are groups of atoms within molecules that confer specific properties to these molecules.
Functional groups often interact with other functional groups via what?
Functional groups often interact with other functional groups via hydrogen bonds.
As functional group Amino groups do what?
Amino groups attracts protons and acts as bases.
As functional group Carboxyl groups do what?
Carboxyl groups drops proton and acts as acid.
As functional group Carbonyl groups do what?
Carbonyl groups have sites that link molecules into more complex compounds.
As functional group Hydroxyl groups do what?
Hydroxyl groups acts as weak acids.
As functional group Phosphate groups has what?
Phosphate groups have two negative charges.
As functional group Sulfhydryl groups do what?
Sulfhydryl groups link together via disulfide bonds.
What are macromolecules?
Macromolecules are large molecules made of smaller molecular subunits, monomers.
What are monomers?
Monomers are the molecular subunit that make macromolecules.
What are the two main types of energy in biological systems?
The two main types of energy in biological systems are kinetic and potential energy.
What is kinetic Energy?
Kinetic energy or thermal energy is energy that is associated with random movements of atoms or molecules.
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is energy that matter possesses because of its position relative to others.
Bonds that are long and weak have __ potential energy.
Bonds that are long and weak have high potential energy.
Bonds that are short and strong have __ potential energy.
Bonds that are short and strong have low potential energy.
What is entropy?
Entropy is the measurement of randomness or disorder within a system.
What does high entropy mean?
High entropy means high disorder and takes low amounts of energy.
What does low entropy mean?
Low entropy means low disorder and takes large amounts of energy.
What is enthalpy?
Enthalpy is the total amount of energy in a system.
Enthalpy is primarily based on the difference of what type of energy?
Enthalpy is primarily based on the difference of potential energy.
