Atomic Structure And Periodic Table Flashcards

Question

What is a compound

Answer 1

Two or more elements chemically bonded together.

Answer 2

Number of atoms of each element involved. Symbol equations must be balanced so that the number of atoms of each element is the same before and after the chemical reaction.

Answer 3

A mixture contains two or more substances not chemically joined and relatively easy to seperate

Answer 4

A mixture of a liquid (solvent) and one or more dissolved solids (solutes)

Answer 5

A liquid that dissolves a certain solute to make a solution

Answer 6

A solid that can be dissolved in solvent to make a solution

Answer 7

Soluble-can be dissolved in a given solvent Insoluble-can not be dissolved in a given solution

Answer 8

Filtration Evaporation,crystallization Fractional distillation

Answer 9

Insoluble solid, filter paper,filter funnel,conical flask and liquid solvent Filter paper is folded into a cone and is inserted in the neck of the fliter funnel. Placed inside a conical flask and the mixture is poured into the filter funnel. The filter paper allows liquid to pass through however it prevent solids from passing through. Insoluble solids called residue is seperated from the filtered liquid (filtrate)

Answer 10

Solution,heat (bunsen burner) ,rounded bottom flask, cork,condenser,flask It is sued to seperate solvent from a solution. Solution is poured into a rounded-bottomed flask connected to a condenser. The solution is heated causing the liquid solvent to boil and evaporate. The gas passes through the condenser, is cooled and condense back into liquid (distillate) collected by the flask. The solid solute remains as residue on the inside of the round-bottomed flask

Answer 11

Water,salt crystals,bunsen burner,evaporating basin,tripod Seperates solute from a solution Solution is poured into the evaporating basin and heated. The solvent evaporates solution becomes more concentrated. Do this until all that is left are dry crystals

Answer 12

Water,heat,tripod,salt crystals,flask,funnel,filter paper Used to seperate out solute from a solution Solution poured into an evaporating basin and gently heated , causing liquid solvent to evaporate, until crystals start to form. The evaporating dish is cooled, encouraging crystals to form in the residual solution. Once cooled any remaining solution can be removed by filtration and crystals are patted dry.

Answer 13

Solution,bunsen burner,thermometer,cork,condenser,flask, rounded bottom flask,beakers Fractional distillation used to seperate mixture of two or more liquids Mixture of liquid poured into rounded bottom and connected to condenser. The mixture is heated using a busnen burner and the temperature must reach a point to equal the lowest boiling point of the mixture using the thermometer The liquid turns into a gas in the condenser and turns back into a liquid. The liquid boils until it can't anymore and is collected by the flask. Once all the fraction is collected the temperature is raised until it reaches the lowest boiling point for the second fraction and a different beaker is used to collect the liquid. This is repeated until all liquids in the mixture is seperated using boiling point

Answer 14

Used to seperate mixtures according to solubility of the components. It makes use of the attraction of a substance to a stationary phase and to a solvent to seperate mixtures along a chromatography medium.

Answer 15

Organised on atomic weight.

Answer 16

The chemical properties of the elements were imperfect when ordered by atomic weight. It lead togroupings to be dissimilar. Didn't take into account properties

Answer 17

Ordered elements primarily by increasing atomic wieght. However, also ordered elements so that chemically similar properties of elements were in the same group. He also left gaps to accomodate new elements and predicted future properties of elements based on gaps.

Answer 18

Organises elements by increasing atomic/proton number. Every 8 elements have similar chemical properties. 8 columns called groups . Each group has similar chemical properties due to same number of electron in outermosts shell Rows in the periodic table are called rows. Each period collects elements with the same number of electron shells

Answer 19

Shiny,hard,malleable,dense,good electrical and thermal conductors. Gains a full outer shell by losing electrons

Answer 20

Dull,non-conductive,brittle,less dense, gas/liquid at room temp. Gain a full outer shell by gaining or sharing electrons

Answer 21

Has general properties of metals, but have useful additional properties such as can form coloured compounds in chemical reactions. Act as a catalyst Lose different number of electrons in different chemical reactions

Answer 22

Increases in reactivity as you go down Low melting and boiling point High relative atomic mass React with water to produce metal hydroxide solutions (Alkali Metal+Water→Metal Hydroxide+Hydrogen) React with acids to produce salts and hydrogen gas.( Alkali Metal+Acid→Salt+Hydrogen) React with oxygen to produce metal oxides (Alkali Metal+Oxygen→Metal Oxide) React with halogens to produce salts (Alkali Metal+Halogen→Salt)

Answer 23

Increases in reactivity as it goes down

Answer 24

Lithium: mild fizzing whilst reacting and dissolves to form lithium hydroxide solution Sodium: reacts more vigorously. It will move around more and melt into a ball. Greater fizzing Pottasium: More vigorous. It will melt into a ball rapidly. Pottasium will burn with a lilac flame with a great effeverscence

Answer 25

As you go down the elements are less recative Higher melting/boiling points Higher relative atomic mass React with alkali to form salts (Halogen+Alkali Metal→salt) Halogen can displace another in a compound (Halogen+Compound→Compound+(Displaced) Halogen)

Answer 26

Reactivity decreases down group 7. Chlorine reacts less vigorously with sodium then fluorine. Group 7 elements have 7 outer shell electrons . In a chemical reaction they gain an additional electron to gain a full shell. The more shells there are the harder it is for it to gain an electron. This is due to the shell acting as a shield to negate the pull from the positive nucleus.

Answer 27

Low density, melting point and boiling point

Answer 28

Down the group relative atomic mass increases and melting/boiling point.: At room temperature, Fluorine is a toxic yellow gas. At room temperature, Chlorine is a toxic, dense green gas. At room temperature, Bromine is a dense red-brown liquid. At room temperature, Iodine is a dark grey solid

Answer 29

Low densities, low melting/ boiling points

Answer 30

Increasing relative atomic mass and increasing melting/boiling point

Answer 31

They exists as single atoms and don't bond with other atoms due to their full outer electron shell, therefore they do not lose or gain an electron in a reaction

Answer 32

Equipment: Filter paper, pencil,capillary tube, ink,beaker, lid 1) Draw a line near the bottom of the filter paper 2) Add a spot of ink onto the line (place filter paper inside beaker of water) 3) Make sure ink isn't touching solvent but water comes into contact with paper 4) Place lid to stop evaporation 5) Wait until water seperates the ink 6) Wait until ink has nearly reached the top or has stopped 7) pattern of the spots is the result (chromatogram)

Answer 33

Electron, proton and neutron