Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the structure of the atom?
A central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells.
What is an atom?
The smallest part of an element that can exist.
What are the charges and masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Proton: +1 charge, mass 1; Neutron: 0 charge, mass 1; Electron: -1 charge, mass ~1/2000.
Define the atomic/proton number.
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the mass/nucleon number?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the electron configuration of an atom?
The arrangement of the electrons in each electron shell in an atom.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the first three electron shells?
1st shell: 2; 2nd shell: 8; 3rd shell: 8.
What is the electron configuration of chlorine (atomic number 17)?
2, 8, 7.
What happens to the electron configuration of a sodium ion (Na+)?
It loses an electron, resulting in an electron configuration of 2, 8.
What do Group VIII noble gases have?
A full outer shell.
How is the number of outer shell electrons related to the group number in Groups I to VII?
The number of outer shell electrons is equal to the group number.
What does the number of occupied electron shells indicate?
It is equal to the period number.
What is a period in the context of the periodic table?
A row of elements.
What is a group in the context of the periodic table?
A column of elements.
Give an example of elements in Group 1.
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.
What are the noble gases?
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn.
What is the electron configuration of argon (Ar)?
2, 8, 8.
What is the relationship between group number and outer shell electrons?
The number of electrons in the outermost shell is the same as the group number.
What is the electron configuration of magnesium (group 2)?
2, 8, 2.
What is the electron configuration of oxygen (period number 2)?
2, 6.
