Solids, Liquids and Gases

Question 1

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

What is the particle arrangement in a solid?

Answer 2

Particles are closely packed and have a fixed arrangement

Question 3

How are particles arranged in a liquid?

Answer 3

Particles are close together but have a random arrangement

Question 4

Describe the particle arrangement in a gas.

Answer 4

Particles are spread apart and have a random arrangement

Question 5

What is the energy level of particles in a solid?

Answer 5

Least amount of energy; particles vibrate in fixed positions

Question 6

How do particles in a liquid move?

Answer 6

Particles are able to move past each other and take the shape of their container

Question 7

What happens to gas particles when temperature increases?

Answer 7

They move randomly in all directions and can be compressed

Question 8

Define melting.

Answer 8

Solid to liquid

Question 9

Define boiling.

Answer 9

Liquid to gas; bubbles of gas form throughout the liquid

Question 10

What is evaporation?

Answer 10

Liquid to gas; particles escape from the surface of the liquid only

Question 11

What is freezing?

Answer 11

Liquid to solid

Question 12

Define condensation.

Answer 12

Gas to liquid

Question 13

What is sublimation?

Answer 13

Solid to gas

Question 14

At what point do melting and freezing occur?

Answer 14

At the melting point

Question 15

At what point do boiling and condensing occur?

Answer 15

At the boiling point

Question 16

How does temperature affect the volume of a gas?

Answer 16

As temperature increases, the volume of a gas will increase

Question 17

What happens to the volume of a gas as pressure increases?

Answer 17

The volume of a gas will decrease

Question 18

What is kinetic particle theory?

Answer 18

Models the three states of matter by representing particles as small solid spheres

Question 19

What must happen for a solid to melt according to kinetic particle theory?

Answer 19

Heat must be transferred into kinetic energy in the particles

Question 20

What occurs during freezing in terms of particle energy?

Answer 20

Energy is lost from the particles, forming intermolecular forces

Question 21

What does a heating curve represent?

Answer 21

Shows temperature against time as a solid changes state to a liquid to a gas

Question 22

What happens at the melting point on a heating curve?

Answer 22

The line becomes flat (plateau) as the solid changes state to a liquid

Question 23

What is observed at the boiling point on a heating curve?

Answer 23

The line becomes horizontal as the liquid boils and changes state to a gas

Question 24

What does a cooling graph show?

Answer 24

Temperature against time as a gas is cooled to a liquid to a solid

Question 25

What occurs during condensation on a cooling graph?

Answer 25

New bonds are formed between gas particles, turning them to liquid

Question 26

What happens at the freezing point on a cooling graph?

Answer 26

The line becomes horizontal again as more bonds are formed, changing liquid to solid

Question 27

How does increasing temperature affect gas particle movement?

Answer 27

Increases kinetic energy, causing particles to spread further apart

Question 28

What is the relationship between pressure and gas volume?

Answer 28

Increasing pressure decreases the volume of the gas

Question 29

What happens to gas volume when pressure decreases?

Answer 29

The volume of the gas will increase