Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is an atom?
What all substances are made up of
What does an atom contain?
Contains protons, neutrons and electrons
What is a nanometre ?
A nanometre is one billionth if a metre
What is the nucleus?
The nucleus is almost the whole mass of the atom
What does the nucleus contain?
Protons and neutrons.
What is the charge of the nucleus?
Positive charge because of protons
Where is the nucleus?
In the middle of the atom
What are electrons?
They are negatively charged and move around the nucleus in electron shells
What’s do electrons virtually not have?
A mass
Why are atoms neutral and have no charge?
Because they have the same number of protons as electrons
What happens in an ion?
Number of protons don’t equal the number of electrons meaning it has an overall charge
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged particle and ionised atoms have lost or gained electrons
What is an element?
An element is a substance made up of atoms with the same number of protons in their nucleus
What do elements consist of?
Consist of atoms with the same atomic number
What is an example of an atom with the same atomic number?
Atom with 1 proton in its nucleus is hydrogen and an atom with 2 protons is helium
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
What do isotopes have?
The same atomic number but different mass numbers
What is an example of an isotope?
Carbon 12 and carbon 13
What is the formula for the relative atomic mass?
Relative atomic mass= Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass) / sum of abundances of all the isotopes
What is the relative atomic mass?
It’s an average mass taking into account the different masses and abundances (amounts) of all the isotopes that make up the element
What are compounds?
Compounds are a mixture of atoms or elements joined together
What can compounds also be?
Substances formed from two or more elements, the atoms of each are in fixed proportions throughout the compound and held together by chemical bonds
How are bonds made?
Bonds are made when atoms give away, take or share electrons
What is an ionic compound?
An ionic compound is formed from a metal and a non metal which consists of ions. The metal ions lose electrons to form positive ions and the non metal ions gain electrons to form negative ions
