Atomic Structure and the Periodic table Flashcards
1
Q
What name is given to substances in which atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined?
A
compounds
2
Q
What is the full name of the compound MgO?
A
magnesium oxide
3
Q
Which element has the symbol He?
A
helium
4
Q
All matter is made up of what?
A
atoms
5
Q
Is N the correct symbol for nitrogen?
A
yes
6
Q
Chlorine has a relative atomic mass that is not a whole number, because it is an average of all the different __________ of the element.
A
isotopes
7
Q
A substance made of only one type of atom is known as an __________.
A
element
8
Q
What are all substances made of?
A
atoms
9
Q
True or false? CuSO4 contains four sodium atoms.
A
false
10
Q
Which element has the symbol Pb?
A
lead
11
Q
What element is represented by the O in MgO?
A
oxygen
12
Q
The relative atomic mass of an element is the mass of its atoms compared with that of which element?
A
carbon
13
Q
True or false? Tin has the symbol Ti.
A
false
14
Q
what is the symbol for Tin
A
Sn
15
Q
Is S the correct symbol for sulfur?
A
yes
16
Q
Give the chemical formula for sodium chloride
A
NaCl
17
Q
what do the symbol for silver
A
Ag
18
Q
what is the symbol for gold
A
Au
19
Q
Which element has the symbol Cu?
A
copper
20
Q
Which element has the symbol Ca?
A
calcium
21
Q
Approximately how many elements are there?
A
100
22
Q
how many elements in the periodic table?
A
118
23
Q
What is the element with the symbol Zn?
A
zinc
24
Q
How many types of atom are contained in an element?
A
1
25
element
a substance made up of only 1 type of atom
26
Which element is represented by the symbol He?
helium
27
Which element is represented by the symbol Fe?
iron
28
Which element has the symbol Mg?
magnesium
29
How many atoms are represented by the symbol Na?
1
30
True or false? Atoms are too small to see with the naked human eye.
true
31
What is the name for a substance containing only one type of atom?
element
32
True or false? Aluminium has the symbol A.
false
33
what is the symbol for Aluminium?
Al
34
Is Si the correct symbol for silver?
no
35
What is the formula for sodium chloride?
NaCl
36
what is the symbol for potassium?
K
37
True or false? All chemical symbols start with the first letter of the element name.
false
38
What does the chemical symbol Cl stand for?
chlorine
39
In what table are all the elements shown?
periodic table
40
Name the technique used to separate a solid from a liquid.
filtration
41
Name the technique used to separate a mixture of substances that are soluble in the same solvent.
chromatography
42
Distillation
a method used to separate a mixture of liquids.
43
What method is used to separate the different parts of crude oil?
distillation
44
Are two different elements that are chemically combined known as an element, a mixture or a compound?
compound
45
Mixtures
Two or more substances that are found together but are not chemically combined
46
What word describes different compounds which are found together but not combined chemically?
mixture
47
What is the piece of equipment that changes steam and oil vapour to liquid?
condenser
48
Substance A is added to substance B to form a mixture. Which substance's chemical properties will change?
neither
49
Substances in a ________ do not change their chemical properties.
mixture
50
____________ in a mixture do not change their chemical properties.
substances
51
Substances in a mixture __ ___ ________ their chemical properties.
do not change
52
Substances in a mixture do not change their __________ ___________.
chemical properties
53
Janine is trying to separate some ethanol from water. Which method should she use?
fractional distillation
54
Adina is stranded on an island in the middle of the ocean. There is one stream on the island but the water has lots of sand in it. Which technique should she use to remove the sand from the water?
filtration
55
Andy has some copper sulfate solution. He wants solid copper sulfate. Which technique should he use?
crystallisation (evaporation)
56
Name the technique used to separate out a solvent from a solution.
distillation
57
Name the technique used to separate a soluble solid from a solution.
crystallisation (evaporation)
58
Name a technique used to separate liquids from one another.
distillation
59
Two elements are found together in a substance. They are not chemically combined. Is this substance an element, a mixture or a compound?
mixture
60
Name the process in which ethanol is separated from water to give a product with a higher alcohol content.
distillation
61
A container holds an element and a compound that are not chemically combined. Is this an element, a mixture or a compound?
mixture
62
True or false? Crude oil can be separated by physical methods and this tells us that it is not a compound.
true
63
The atomic number of potassium is 19. How many electrons does this element have?
19
64
atomic number
the number of protons in the atom
65
the number of protons in the atom is equal to the number of
electrons
66
Atoms have an equal number of ________ and electrons
protons
67
Atoms have an equal number of protons and __________
electrons
68
_________ have an equal number of protons and electrons
atoms
69
The ____ __________ for each atom is different
mass number
70
The mass number for each atom is ___________
different
71
The mass number for each _____ is different
atom
72
What name is given to atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?
isotopes
73
isotopes
contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
74
Write the subatomic particles in the order that they were discovered
electron, proton, neutron
75
Who suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances?
Niels Bohr
76
The number of protons and the number of neutrons together is know as the __________ __________.
mass number
77
Which has the greater mass: a proton or an electron?
proton
78
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
79
electrons are ____________ charged
negatively
80
electrons are negatively __________
charged
81
__________ are negatively charged
electrons
82
An atom contains 22 protons and 26 neutrons. What is its mass number?
48
83
_____ _________ = number of protons + number of neutrons
mass number
84
Mass number = __________ __ ________ + number of neutrons
number of protons
85
Mass number = number of protons + __________ __ __________
number of neutrons
86
The radius of a nucleus is about ___________ the radius of the atom.
1/10,000
87
The nucleus is ________ times smaller than the atom
10,000
88
The _________ is 10,000 times smaller than the atom
nucleus
89
The nucleus is 10,000 times _______ than the atom
smaller
90
The nucleus is 10,000 times smaller than the _____
atom
91
How many electrons are in the outer electron shell of every element in group 1?
1
92
Elements in group 1 have 1 electron in their _______ _____
outer shell
93
Elements in _______ _ have 1 electron in their outer shell
group 1
94
Elements in group 1 have _ ________ in their outer shell
1 electron
95
What name is given to the part of the atom where the protons and neutrons are?
nucleus
96
An atom contains 22 protons and 26 neutrons. What is its atomic number?
22
97
Ions always have the same electronic structure as elements in which group of the periodic table?
0
98
Carbon contains six electrons and has a mass number of 12. How many neutrons does it contain?
6
99
When different elements react, their atoms join with other atoms. What type of substance is formed?
compound
100
protons are ___________ charged
positively
101
________ are positively charged
protons
102
protons are positively ________
charged
103
What is the overall charge on an atom?
0
104
Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, so the overall charge is ____
0
105
______ have the same number of protons and electrons, so the overall charge is zero
atoms
106
A hydrogen atom has 1 _______ and 0 neutrons
proton
107
A hydrogen atom has 1 proton and 0 _________
neutrons
108
A __________ _____ has 1 proton and 0 neutrons
hydrogen atom
109
James Chadwick's experimental work in 1932 provided evidence for the existence of __________ within the nucleus.
neutrons
110
Did Niels Bohr's experimental findings contradict the nuclear model of the atom?
no
111
What is the highest number of electrons that can be in electron shell 2?
8
112
Before the discovery of the __________, atoms were thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided.
electrons
113
When elements react, what are given away, taken or shared?
electrons
114
Which of the following is NOT a metal: zinc, iron, aluminium, sulfur, copper, gold?
sulfur
115
What Russian scientist created the first successful periodic table of the elements in 1869?
Dmitri Mendeleev
116
Electrons, protons and which other sub-atomic particle were discovered in the 19th and early 20th century?
neutrons
117
Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table. Which of these is the most reactive?
potassium
118
Think of trends in the periodic table. As we move from group 1 to group 4 does the number of valence electrons of each element increase or decrease?
increase
119
Six years after Mendeleev published his periodic table, a new element called gallium was discovered. Did this provide evidence for or against Mendeleev's table?
for
120
The sub-atomic particles protons and neutrons were discovered early in which century?
20th century
121
In the periodic table used today, do metals occupy mainly the left or the right of the table?
left
122
Elements that can react to form positive ions are called __________.
metals
123
Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table. Which of these has the lowest boiling point?
potassium
124
In which group of the periodic table are the alkali metals?
1
125
The more reactive the metal, the __________ likely it is to form a positive ion.
more
126
True or false? The modern periodic table can be seen as an arrangement of the elements according to their electronic structures.
true
127
A mystery element contains 16 protons. Which group of the periodic table will it belong to?
6 (electrons outer shell =16)
128
______ are found on the left of the periodic table
metals
129
Metals are found on the ____ of the periodic table.
left
130
___ _______ are found on the right of the periodic table.
non-metals
131
Non-metals are found on the _____ of the periodic table.
right
132
Atoms in group 2 have _ _________ in their outer shell.
2 electrons
133
Atoms in ______ _ have 2 electrons in their outer shell.
group 2
134
Dan says that all the elements in group 5 of the periodic table have five electrons in their outer shell. Is he right?
yes
135
If we understand __________, we can explain why ordering the elements in the periodic table by atomic weight isn't always correct.
isotopes
136
Each horizontal row of the periodic table shows a __________.
period
137
True or false? The periodic table is so called because elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals (or periodically).
true
138
What kind of ions are formed when a metal reacts?
positive ions
139
Think about trends in the periodic table. As the group number increases do elements become metallic or non-metallic?
non-metallic
140
When metals react do they gain or lose electrons?
lose
141
True or false? When arranged in order of atomic number, all the elements fit into appropriate groups.
true
142
Each vertical column in the periodic table shows a __________.
group
143
True or false? Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of neutrons in their outer shells.
false
144
Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of __________ in their outer electron shell.
electrons
145
A mystery element contains 11 electrons. Which group of the periodic table will it belong to?
group 1
146
Claire says that if you know how many neutrons an element has, you can tell which group of the periodic table it will belong to. Is she right?
no
147
Transition metals are found in the _______ of the periodic table.
middle
148
___________ _______ are found in the middle of the periodic table.
Transition metals
149
Would you expect lithium and sodium to have similar properties?
yes (both in group 1)
150
Would you expect lithium and potassium to have similar properties?
yes (both in group 1)
151
In the final version of his periodic table, Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic __________.
weight
152
When elements react they can form molecules. What else might they form?
ions
153
The number of protons in an atom is called it’s…
atomic number
154
What name is given to the group 0 elements?
nobles gases
155
Neon has the electronic structure…
2, 8
156
Noble gases already have a full ______ _____ ___ __________.
outer shell of electrons
157
Neon is a noble gas. Would you expect neon to form ions?
no
158
The group of elements that argon belongs to is called group __________.
0
159
True or false? Noble gases are usually found in compounds with other elements.
false
160
Argon has 18 electrons, so the electron arrangement is…
2, 8, 8
161
Argon has __ __________
18 electrons
162
A full outer shell of electrons means that elements are ___________
unreactive
163
A full _______ _____ __ ________ means that elements are unreactive
outer shell of electrons
164
in group 0, apart from helium, how many electrons does each have in its outside shell?
8
165
how many electrons in its outer shell does helium have?
2
166
Group 1 metals react ___________ with water.
vigorously
167
______ _ metals react vigorously with water.
group 1
168
What name is given to the elements in group 1 of the periodic table?
alkali metals
169
Do the metals in group 1 of the periodic table have a high or a low density?
low
170
what can the metals in group 1 do to prove they have a low density?
float on water
171
Lithium is an alkali metal. What charge is there on a lithium ion?
+1
172
Group 1 metals lose _ _________ to become 1+ ions.
1 electron
173
The elements in group 1 of the periodic table react with non-metals to form compounds. What colour are all of these compounds?
white
174
Only ____________ _______ form coloured compounds.
transition metals
175
Only transition metals form __________ ____________.
coloured compounds
176
Are electrons more strongly attracted to the positive nucleus in chlorine or in fluorine?
fluorine
177
Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table. Which of these three elements has the highest melting point?
lithium
178
What hydroxide would be formed when sodium reacts with water?
sodium hydroxide
179
True or false? The elements in group 1 of the periodic table do not react with non-metals.
false
180
A piece of lithium is added to a beaker of water. Will the solution formed be acidic, alkaline or neutral?
alkaline
181
Lithium is an _______ ______. It reacts with water to form an alkaline solution.
alkali metal
182
________ is an alkali metal. It reacts with water to form an alkaline solution.
lithium
183
Lithium is an alkali metal. It reacts with ______ to form an alkaline solution.
water
184
Lithium is an alkali metal. It reacts with water to form an ________ _________.
alkaline solution
185
If sodium is burned in chlorine gas, a compound is formed that dissolves in water. What colour will the solution be?
colourless
186
Name the gas released when group 1 elements react with water.
hydrogen
187
If sodium is burned in chlorine gas a compound is formed. Will this compound be a solid, a liquid or a gas?
solid
188
Is the outer electron in potassium more or less strongly attracted to the positive nucleus than the outer electron in sodium is?
less
189
Do the elements in group 1 of the periodic table tend to form covalent compounds, ionic compounds, neither, or both?
ionic compounds
190
True or false? The elements in group 1 of the periodic table are all metals.
true
191
Fluorine + sodium chloride → sodium fluoride + __________
chlorine
192
When chlorine is added to sodium bromide solution, the mixture turns orange. What type of reaction has taken place?
displacement
193
In which group of the periodic table are the halogens found?
7
194
Would you expect the elements to get more or less reactive as you go down the group?
less reactive
195
Going down group 7, what happens to the atoms?
- get bigger
- have more electron shells
196
Do the boiling points of the halogens tend to increase or decrease as you move up the group, or is there no pattern?
decrease
197
The halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell, so they gain _ __________ to become 1- ions.
1 electron
198
Fluorine is an element in group 7 of the periodic table. Does fluorine form positive or negative ions?
negative ions
199
Which of the following groups in the periodic table contains the least reactive elements: Alkali metals, halogens or noble gases?
alkali metals
200
Which of chlorine, fluorine or bromine is the least reactive halogen?
bromine
201
What type of reaction can be used to place the halogens in order of reactivity?
displacement
202
Would you expect bromine or iodine to have the higher melting point?
iodine
203
What is the full name of the most reactive halogen?
fluorine
204
Give the full name of the halogen with the lowest boiling point?
fluorine
205
When chlorine is added to sodium bromide solution, one of the products is bromine. Name the other product.
sodium chloride
206
True or false? A less reactive halogen will displace a more reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt.
false
207
Do the elements in group 7 of the periodic table react with metals to form covalent compounds, ionic compounds, neither, or both?
ionic compounds
208
Iodine is a halogen. How many electrons does iodine have in its highest occupied energy level?
7
209
Halogens are found in group 7. This means they all have _ __________ in their outer shell.
7 electrons
210
Halogens are found in ______ _. This means they all have 7 electrons in their outer shell.
group 7
211
What is the charge on a halide ion?
-1
212
True or false? Elements in group 7 of the periodic table will not react with metals.
false
