Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
1
Q
How many electrons does an atom of nitrogen normally have in its outer shell?
A
5 (in group 5)
2
Q
What group is nitrogen in?
A
group 5
3
Q
_______ _ elements gain 2 electrons to form 2- ions.
A
Group 6
4
Q
Group 6 elements gain _ ________ to form 2- ions.
A
2 electrons
5
Q
Group 6 elements gain 2 electrons to form __ ____.
A
2- ions
6
Q
Oxygen is a non-metal in group 6. This tells us that it will produce ions that have a charge of __________.
A
-2
7
Q
True or false? Ionic compounds are almost always made up of atoms of a metal combined with atoms of one or more non-metals.
A
true
8
Q
An ion formed by an element in group 1, 2, 6 or 7 will have the same electron structure as which of the following?
A
noble gas
9
Q
Does covalent bonding involve transferring electrons or sharing electrons?
A
shading electrons
10
Q
In ________ ____________, there are positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons.
A
metallic structures
11
Q
In metallic structures, there are _________ ____ surrounded by delocalised electrons.
A
postive ions
12
Q
In metallic structures, there are positive ions ___________ by delocalised electrons.
A
surrounded
13
Q
In metallic structures, there are positive ions surrounded by ____________ ___________.
A
delocalised electrons
14
Q
Which of the following does ionic bonding involve?
A
transferring electrons
15
Q
Lithium is a metal in group 1. This tells us that it will produce ions that have a charge of __________.
A
-1
16
Q
______ _ elements lose 1 electron to form 1+ ions.
A
Group 1
17
Q
Group 1 elements ____ 1 electron to form 1+ ions.
A
lose
18
Q
Group 1 elements lose _ ________ to form 1+ ions.
A
1 electron
19
Q
Group 1 elements lose 1 electron to form __ _____.
A
1+ ions
20
Q
____ substances form giant lattices of alternating positive and negative ions.
A
ionic
21
Q
Ionic substances form ______ ________ of alternating positive and negative ions.
A
giant lattices
22
Q
Ionic substances form giant lattices of ___________ positive and negative ions.
A
alternating
23
Q
Ionic substances form giant lattices of alternating ________ ____ _________ _____.
A
postive and negative ions
24
Q
In silicon dioxide how many covalent bonds are there between each silicon atom with oxygen atoms?
A
4
25
What group is Silicon in?
Group 4
26
Silicon is in group 4, so it has _ __________ in its outer shell.
4 electrons
27
In silicon dioxide, each silicon atom is bonded to _ oxygen atoms.
4
28
In silicon dioxide, each silicon atom is bonded to 4 _______ atoms.
oxygen
29
Are covalent bonds formed by giving, taking or sharing electrons?
sharing electrons
30
________ bonding is described as positive ions in a sea of delocalised electrons.
metallic
31
Metallic bonding is described as _________ ions in a sea of delocalised electrons.
positive
32
Metallic bonding is described as positive ____ in a sea of delocalised electrons.
ions
33
Metallic bonding is described as positive ions in a sea of ____________ _________.
delocalised electrons
34
What type of bonds do compounds formed from non-metals consist of?
covalent bonds
35
Is calcium hydroxide an acid or an alkali?
alkali
36
True or false? The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest formula that shows the numerical relationship of the elements in the compound.
true
37
What is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
38
NH3 is the formula for __________.
ammonia
39
What type of bonds hold together the atoms in an oxygen molecule?
covalent bonds
40
True or false? Covalent compounds mainly contain elements in groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table.
false
41
The chemical formula of hydrogen peroxide is H2O2. What is the empirical formula of hydrogen peroxide?
HO
42
______ always form positive ions.
metals
43
Metals always form...
positive ions
44
True or false? Covalently bonded substances always consist of small molecules.
false
45
True or false? The outermost electrons in a metal atom are free to move through the whole structure of the metal.
true
46
The particles in a metal are held together by strong __________ bonds. What word describes the type of bond to complete this sentence?
metallic
47
True or false? Ionic compounds are usually a combination of a metal and a non-metal.
true
48
How many covalent bonds will an atom of carbon form with other atoms?
4
49
Apart from carbon dioxide what is the other product of thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?
calcium oxide
50
________ ___________ → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
calcium carbonate
51
calcium carbonate → ________ _____+ carbon dioxide
calcium oxide
52
calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + _______ ________
carbon dioxide
53
Magnesium is a metal in group 2. This tells us that it will produce ions that have a charge of __________.
+2
54
______ _ elements lose 2 electrons to form 2+ ions.
Group 2
55
Group 2 elements ____ 2 electrons to form 2+ ions.
lose
56
Group 2 elements lose _ _________ to form 2+ ions.
2 electrons
57
Group 2 elements lose 2 electrons to form __ ____.
2+ ions
58
True or false? Covalent bonds never involve metals.
true
59
True or false? Covalent molecules are formed when non-metal atoms share electrons with other non-metal atoms.
true
60
________ has two unpaired electrons, so it forms 2 covalent bonds.
oxygen
61
Oxygen has two ____________, __________ so it forms 2 covalent bonds.
unpaired electrons
62
Oxygen has two unpaired electrons, so it forms _ ___________ _______.
2 covalent bonds
63
Joanna says that the molecular structure of silicon dioxide and diamond is similar but Fergus does not agree. Who is correct?
joanna
64
Chlorine is a non-metal in group 7. This tells us that it will produce ions that have a charge of __________.
-1
65
______ _ elements gain 1 electron to form 1- ions.
Group 7
66
Group 7 elements ____ 1 electron to form 1- ions.
gain
67
Group 7 elements gain _ _________ to form 1- ions.
1 electron
68
Group 7 elements gain 1 electron to form __ ____.
1- ions
69
_________ is a non-metal, so it gains an electron to form a negative "chloride" ion.
chlorine
70
Chlorine is a __________, so it gains an electron to form a negative "chloride" ion.
non-metal
71
Chlorine is a non-metal, so it ______ an electron to form a "chloride" ion.
gains
72
Chlorine is a non-metal, so it gains an electron to form a _________ "chloride" ion.
negative
73
Chlorine is a non-metal, so it gains an electron to form a negative "chloride" ___.
ion
74
True or false? If an element can form covalent bonds then it will never be involved in ionic bonding.
false
75
Diamond has a similar structure to silicon dioxide. How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom have with other carbon atoms?
4
76
In which of the three states of matter are the forces of attraction between the particles strongest?
solid
77
Solids have the strongest _______________ _______ because their particles are the closest together.
intermolecular bonds
78
Solids have the strongest intermolecular bonds because their ________ are the closest together.
particles
79
______ have the strongest intermolecular bonds because their particles are the closest together.
solids
80
_________ in a solid are tightly packed and in fixed positions.
particles
81
Particles in a _____ are tightly packed and in fixed positions.
solid
82
Particles in a solid are _______ _______ and in fixed positions.
tightly packed
83
Particles in a solid are tightly packed and in ______ _________.
fixed positions
84
What name is given to the process that turns liquid into a solid?
freezing
85
What name is given to the process that turns gas into a liquid?
condensation
86
In which of the three states of matter do the particles have least energy?
solid
87
In which substance are the particles vibrating around a fixed position?
solid
88
What name is given to the point when a solid turns into a liquid?
melting
89
In which of the three states of matter are the particles close together and moving randomly?
liquid
90
What name is given to the temperature when a liquid turns into a gas?
boiling point
91
Which state of matter has no definite volume or shape?
gas
92
In which of the three states of matter are the particles arranged in a regular pattern?
solid
93
The state of matter in which particles have the least energy is called the __________ state.
solid
94
Which state of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?
solid
95
Which state is being described here? The particles can move and slide past each other. They are very close together but they are not in a fixed pattern. There are forces between the particles but they are weak.
liquid
96
In which state of matter do particles have the most energy?
gas
97
______________ is the change from a gas to a liquid.
condensation
98
Condensation is the change from a ___ __ _ ______.
gas to a liquid
99
Which state is being described here? The particles are moving quickly and are far apart from each other. They sometimes collide but apart from this they do not touch. There is almost no force holding them together.
gas
100
In which of the three states of matter are the forces of attraction between the particles strongest?
solid
101
Which state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?
liquid
102
In which of the three states of matter are the particles furthest apart?
gas
103
Substance X contains simple molecules. Would you expect its melting point to be high or low?
low
104
_______ __________ substances have low melting points and boiling points.
simple molecular
105
Simple molecular substances have ___ melting points and boiling points.
low
106
Simple molecular substances have low __________ _______ ____ _________ _______ .
melting points and boiling points
107
why do simple molecular substances have low melting points and boiling points?
because there are weak forces in between the molecules
108
What type of bond links the atoms together in a polymer molecule?
covalent bonds
109
Substance X contains simple molecules. Would you expect its boiling point to be high or low?
low
110
There are three types of compound: ionic, covalent and metallic. How many of these can form giant structures?
3
111
Oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound are held together by __________ forces.
electrostatic forces
112
Ionic compounds conduct when _______
molten
113
Which of the following is not an example of a use of polymers?
smokeless fuels
114
Calcium oxide is an ionic compound. Predict its physical state (solid, liquid or gas) at room temperature.
solid
115
______ ____________ have high melting points.
ionic compounds
116
Ionic compounds have ____ melting points.
high
117
Ionic compounds have high _________ ______.
melting points
118
Magnesium oxide is an ionic compound. Would you expect molten magnesium oxide to conduct electricity?
yes
119
True or false? A polymer is a substance made of macromolecules.
true
120
True or false? Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when they are in the form of dry crystals as their ions are not free to move.
true
121
______ ____________ can only conduct electricity when they are molten or dissolved in water.
ionic compounds
122
Ionic compounds can only _________ electricity when they are molten or dissolved in water.
conduct
123
Ionic compounds can only conduct _____________ when they are molten or dissolved in water.
electricity
124
Ionic compounds can only conduct electricity when they are _______ or dissolved in water.
molten
125
Ionic compounds can only conduct electricity when they are molten or __________ __ _______.
dissolved in water
126
_____ ______ cannot conduct electricity.
pure water
127
Pure water cannot _________ electricity.
conduct
128
Pure water cannot conduct ___________.
electricity
129
Pure water _________ conduct electricity.
cannot
130
True or false? Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when they are in the form of dry crystals as their ions are not free to move.
true
131
True or false? Simple molecular substances never contain metals.
true
132
_______ ___________ substances are formed from non-metal atoms.
simple molecular
133
Simple molecular substances are ________ from non-metal atoms.
formed
134
Simple molecular substances are formed from ___-_____ ______.
non-metal atoms
135
What is the name for a large molecule made up of many small units?
polymer
136
True or false? Simple molecular substances contain delocalised electrons.
false
137
Are the bonds between polymer molecules weak or strong?
strong
138
True or false? Simple molecular substances do not conduct electricity because the molecules do not have an overall electric charge.
true
139
Which of these carbon-containing substances is a simple molecular substance?
methane
140
name two giant covalent structures
- graphite
- diamond
141
A liquid consists of simple molecules. Are the forces WITHIN the molecules strong or weak?
strong
142
The atoms WITHIN molecules are held together by covalent bonds
covalent bonds
143
Particles in a metal are held together by __________ attractions.
electrostatic
144
The regular structure found in ionic compounds is called a giant __________.
lattice
145
Each bond in a simple molecular substance consists of a shared pair of __________. What one word completes the sentence?
electrons
146
Biodegradable plastic bags are now being made from polymers and what other substance?
cornstarch
147
Substance X contains simple molecules. Would you expect it to conduct electricity?
no
148
_______ _________ molecules do not have delocalised electrons or free ions so they cannot conduct electricity.
simple covalent
149
Simple covalent molecules do not have ____________ __________ or free ions so they cannot conduct electricity.
delocalised electrons
150
Simple covalent molecules do not have delocalised electrons or _____ _____ so they cannot conduct electricity.
free ions
151
Simple covalent molecules do not have delocalised electrons or free ions so they cannot conduct ____________.
electricity
152
An unknown substance has a melting point of -77°C. Is this substance likely to be an ionic compound?
no
153
Are the bonds between the atoms in a polymer weak or strong?
strong
154
Calcium chloride is an ionic compound. Would you expect its boiling point to be high or low?
high
155
There are forces of attraction between the different ions in an ionic substance because the charges on the ions are __________ charges.
oppositely
156
True or false? Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten.
true
157
Are the forces between the ions in an ionic compound strong or weak?
strong
158
Polymers have very __________ molecules.
large
159
Polymers are very large molecules with a _________ ________ __ _____.
repeating pattern of atoms
160
True or false? In giant covalent structures the atoms form strong bonds by sharing electrons.
true
161
True or false? The covalent bonds in a simple molecular substance must be overcome when the substance boils.
false
162
True or false? All simple molecular substances are gases at room temperature.
false
163
Substance X contains simple molecules. Are the forces BETWEEN the molecules strong or weak?
weak
164
True or false? Ionic compounds form regular crystals because their ions arrange themselves in a stable lattice structure.
true
165
Sam found that copper sulphate crystals did not conduct electricity. He concluded that copper sulphate was not an ionic compound. Kate disagreed and said that the crystals would conduct if they were molten or dissolved in water first. Who was right, Sam or Kate?
kate
166
The intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are strong, so these substances are __________ at room temperature.
solids
167
What type of atomic forces hold ionic compounds together?
electrostatic
168
Does solid sodium chloride conduct electricity?
no
169
True or false? Ionic compounds can only conduct electricity when the ions are free to move.
true
170
A gas consists of simple molecules. What name is given to the bonds that hold the atoms together?
covalent bonds
171
Silicon dioxide has a giant covalent structure. Would you expect its melting point to be high or low?
high
172
True or false? The layers of atoms in pure metals can move past each other if a force is applied to alter the metal's shape.
true
173
Substance X is a typical metal. Would you expect its density to be high, medium, or low?
high
174
why do metals typically have high melting points
metallic bonds are strong so a lot of energy is needed to overcome them
175
Metals are the best electrical conductors because they have free __________.
electrons
176
True or false? Alloys always contain at least two or more elements.
true
177
Which tend to be harder, pure metals or alloys?
alloys
178
Iron is often found joined to another element. What is this element?
oxygen
179
Copper is a good conductor of electricity and of what else?
heat
180
True or false? Copper and aluminium are good conductors of electricity.
true
181
why are metals are typically good conductors of electricity?
the delocalised electrons in metals can move and carry the charge
182
What part of their structure do metals have in common with graphite that means both substances conduct electricity?
delocalised electrons
183
Most metals are found chemically joined to other elements in substances known as... what?
compounds
184
Which of the following is NOT a property of a typical metal?
soluble in water
185
In general, do metals have high melting points or low melting points?
high
186
What name is given to a substance made from a mixture of two or more different metals?
alloy
187
what is conduction?
Thermal energy being transferred by collisions between particles
188
Which of the following is NOT a typical property of a metal?
brittle
189
True or false? Copper can be bent but is still a fairly hard material.
true
190
What is the word for a mixture of two or more elements, where at least one element is a metal?
alloy
191
How many atoms thick is graphene?
1
192
True or false? Diamond will not conduct electricity but graphite will because some electrons in graphite have not formed bonds and can flow freely between the sheets of molecules.
true
193
Graphite conducts heat in a similar way to metals because it contains __________ __________.
delocalised electrons
194
What name is given to the carbon-based structures used in lubricants and nanotubes?
fullerenes
195
There are no covalent bonds between graphite's layers, so they can easily slide over each other. This means that graphite is... what?
slippery
196
Which type of giant covalent structure can be used for delivering drugs into the body, or as a lubricant or catalyst?
fullerene
197
True or false? Carbon nanotubes can be used to make lighter, stronger building materials.
true
198
The diagram shows a carbon nanotube. It can conduct electricity and is very strong and light. Which of the following is NOT a potential use of carbon nanotubes?
transparent suncreams
199
In graphite strong bonds form between carbon atoms. What type of bonds are these?
covalent bond
200
Which giant covalent structure is used for reinforcing tennis rackets?
carbon nanotube
201
Graphite is made up of layers of __________ rings.
hexagonal
202
Graphite is soft because the __________ forces between its layers are weak.
intermolecular
203
True or false? In graphite, every atom forms strong bonds with four other atoms.
false
204
What was the first fullerene to be discovered?
C60
205
The diagram shows a carbon nanotube. It can conduct electricity and is very light. Which of the following is a possible application of this nanoparticle?
computer wiring
206
A single layer of graphite is called... what?
graphene
