Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Question 1

what does the nucleus contain

Answer 1

the nucleus contains protons and neutrons

Question 2

what charge is the nucleus

Answer 2

positive

Question 3

what charge are electrons

Answer 3

electrons are negatively charged

Question 4

what does atomic number tell you

Answer 4

protons

Question 5

what does mass number tell you

Answer 5

protons and neutrons

Question 6

what is an isotope

Answer 6

isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 7

what are compounds

Answer 7

compounds are substances formed from two or more elements

Question 8

what was the first assumption atoms were and who made it?

Answer 8

John Dalton described atoms as solid spheres and that different spheres made up different elements.

Question 9

who disagreed after experimenting that atoms weren’t solid spheres and what did he find out

Answer 9

JJ Thompson discovered the plum pudding model, In this model, the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 10

who proved that the plum pudding model was wrong? and how did he prove this?

Answer 10

Ernest Rutherford proved the plum pudding model wrong by conducting the alpha particle scattering experiment.

Question 11

Explain what led to the plum pudding model of the atom being replaced by the nuclear model of the atom.

Answer 11

alpha particle scattering experiment
alpha particles directed at gold foil
most alpha particles pass straight through which means most of atom is empty space
a few alpha particles deflected through large angles  this means mass is concentrated at centre of atom and the nucleus is positively charged

Question 12

who came up with the nuclear model and what was it

Answer 12

Nielhs Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells and that each shell is a fixed distance away from the nucleus

Question 13

In the early 1800s what were elements arranged in?

Answer 13

Atomic Mass

Question 14

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his table

Answer 14

to make sure that elements with similar properties stayed in the same group, also these gaps represented undiscovered elements which Mendeleev could predict the properties of.

Question 15

what do group numbers represent

Answer 15

the charge

Question 16

what do row numbers represent

Answer 16

how many shells the element has

Question 17

what are the properties of metals 4 things

Answer 17

They’re strong
Malleable
They conduct heat and electricity
They have high melting and boiling points

Question 18

What are the properties of transition metals 5 things

Answer 18

good conductors of heat and electricity
very dense, strong and shiny
they can form more than one ion 
they are coloured compounds
They are good catalysts

Question 19

what are group 1 metals known as

Answer 19

Alkali Metals

Question 20

How many electrons do group 1 elements have in their outer shell THIS MAKES THEM…

Answer 20

one and this makes them very reactive and gives them similar properties

Question 21

properties of alkali metals

Answer 21

They are soft and have a low density, low melting and boiling points

Question 22

what are the trends as you go down group 1

Answer 22

1. As you go down group 1 the more reactive the elements are this is because the electron on its outer shell is lost easily as the attraction between the electron and the nucleus decreases because the electron is further away from the nucleus
2. Higher Relative Atomic Mass
3. Lower melting and boiling points

Question 23

What Compounds do alkali metals form with non metals

Answer 23

Ionic Compounds

Question 24

Group 1 Metals reaction with Water

Answer 24

they react vigorously to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides
the more reactive the metal the more violent the reaction
as you go down the group the more energy is given out by the reaction

Question 25

Group 1 metals reaction with chlorine

Answer 25

Group 1 metals react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas to form white metal chloride salts As you go down the group the more vigorous the reaction

Question 26

Group 1 metals reaction with Oxygen

Answer 26

Group 1 metals react with oxygen to form an metal oxide

Question 27

What are group 7 elements known as

Answer 27

Halogens

Question 28

All the halogens have....

Answer 28

Coloured VApours

Question 29

The coloured vapours (Group 7) fluorine= chlorine= bromine= iodine=

Answer 29

Fluorine- Yellow gas Chlorine- dense green gas Bromine- red brown liquid Iodine- purple

Question 30

What compounds can halogens form

Answer 30

Molecular Compounds

Question 31

More reactive halogens will.....

Answer 31

displace less reactive ones

Question 32

what is a displacement reaction

Answer 32

A displacement reaction can occur between a more reactive halogen and the salt of a less reactive one

Question 33

the trends in group 7

Answer 33

as you go down group 7 it becomes less reactive as its harder to gain an extra electron because the outer shells further from the nucleus as you go down they have higher melting and boiling points as you go down they have higher relative atomic masses

Question 34

what ions do the halogens form

Answer 34

1- ions

Question 35

what are group 0 elements known as

Answer 35

they are known as noble gases

Question 36

how many electrons are in the outer shell of a noble gas

Answer 36

they have a full outer shell of eight electrons

Question 37

are noble gases reactive

Answer 37

no they hardly react at all

Question 38

what do noble gases exist as

Answer 38

noble gases exist as monatomic gases- single atoms not bonded to each other

Question 39

what are noble gases at room temperature

Answer 39

they are colourless gases at room temperatures

Question 40

the trends in group 0

Answer 40

the boiling points of noble gases increase as you move down the group this is due to the increase in the number of electrons in each atom leading to the greater intermolecular forces between them which they need to overcome the relative atomic mass increases as you go down

Question 41

what does a pure substance consist of

Answer 41

a pure substance consists only of one element or one compound

Question 42

who led to the discovery of protons

Answer 42

james chadwick

Question 43

an element has three different isotopes what do they all have in similar

Answer 43

all have the same chemical properties

Question 44

what is an isotope named after

Answer 44

its element and its mass number

Question 45

how do you work out the atomic mass of an element

Answer 45

change percentage abundance of isotope to a decimal and times it by mass number once you've done that add both of them together

Question 46

what do halogens exist as

Answer 46

simple molecules

Question 47

what are halogens joined together by

Answer 47

a covalent bond

Question 48

what happens when an halogen reacts with a halide

Answer 48

produces a hydrogen halide

Question 49

what are hydrogen halides

Answer 49

hydrogen halides are gases at room temperature. They dissolve in water to produce acidic solutions.

Question 50

halogens different reactions with hydrogen

Answer 50

Fluorine Explodes at room temperature and in the dark, forming hydrogen fluoride Chlorine Explodes with a flame or in sunlight, forming hydrogen chloride Bromine Vigorous reaction when warmed with hydrogen, forming hydrogen bromide Iodine Very slow reaction when heated strongly, forming some hydrogen iodide

Question 51

chadwicks work on the atom led to a better understanding of isotopes explain hows his work led to this understanding

Answer 51

chadwich provided the evidence for neutrons | this was helpful as isotopes have the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons

Question 52

describe a method to find the poition of an unknown metal in this reactivity series

Answer 52

add all metals to an acid measure the temperature change or compare rate of reaction place metals in order of temp change or rate of reaction to give valid results you should use the same volume of acid