Atomic Structure, Electron Shells, and States of Matter Flashcards
(44 cards)
Periodic Table:
a system (table) used worldwide for organizing elements into categories based on how they react.
Element:
a substance on the periodic table in which all atoms are alike.
How many elements are on the periodic table?
118
Gold (the element) is made up of…
gold atoms
Hydrogen (the element) is made up of…
hydrogen atoms
Atom:
the smallest particle of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
Subatomic particle:
tiny particles that make up atoms.
What are the subatomic particles?
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Nucleus:
the center of an atom.
protons have a… (charge)
positive charge (+)
neutrons have a… (charge)
neutral charge
electrons have a… (charge)
negative charge (-)
protons and neutrons are located in…
the nucleus of an atom. (inside)
electrons are located…
swirling around the nucleus. (outside in shells)
Atomic number (#):
the # of protons in an atom.
The number of protons in a neutral atom is equal to…
the # of electrons.
Atomic mass - # of protons =
of neutrons.
Ion:
a positively or negatively charged particle.
A neutral object can become an ion by…
losing or gaining electrons.
Electron shells can be used to show…
where electrons are likely to be found in an atom.
Each electron shell has a corresponding…
energy level
Valence electrons:
electrons in the outermost shell
Each shell can only hold…
a certain amount of electrons.
1st shell can hold…
2 electrons
