Atomic structure & periodic table

Question 1

Give an example of a mixture

Answer 1

Crude oil

Question 2

Explain how to carry out paper chromatography

Answer 2

Draw a line near the bottom of the filter paper then add a spot of ink to the line and place the paper in the solvent, but without the ink touching the solvent. Place the lid on the beaker.

Question 3

Why in paper chromatography is a pencil used to draw the line?

Answer 3

Pencil is insoluble

Question 4

What solvent should you use in paper chromatography if the substance is difficult to dissolve?

Answer 4

Ethanol

Question 5

What are the methods of separating a mixture?

Answer 5

Fractional distillation, chromatography, crystallisation, filtration and simple distillation.

Question 6

What is simple distillation used for?

Answer 6

Separating a liquid solution

Question 7

What are the problems with simple distillation?

Answer 7

You can only use it to separate things with very different boiling points; if they are too similar then they will mix again

Question 8

What can fractional distillation be used for that simple distillation can’t?

Answer 8

Separating a mixture of different liquids, even if they have similar boiling points

Question 9

When are atoms most ‘happiest’?

Answer 9

When their outer shell is full - like the group 0 noble gases

Question 10

How is an isotope different from an atom?

Answer 10

Isotopes have extra neutrons

Question 11

Where can transition metals be found on the periodic table?

Answer 11

Between group 2 and group 3

Question 12

What special properties do transition metals have?

Answer 12

They can have more than one ion, their ions are often colourful and compounds made from them often make good catalysts

Question 13

How many electrons do group one elements have in their outer shell and how does this effect them?

Answer 13

They all have one electron in their outer shell which makes them very reactive

Question 14

What happens as you go down the group 1 elements?

Answer 14

They have higher reactivitys, lower melting and boiling points and higher relative atomic masses

Question 15

What type of ions do group elements form and why?

Answer 15

1+ ions as they have to lose one electron to get a full shell

Question 16

What type of compounds do group 1 elements form and why?

Answer 16

Ionic compounds because it’s so easy for them to lose the one electron

Question 17

Finish this sentence: as you go down the halogens

Answer 17

become less reactive, have higher melting and boiling points and have higher relative atomic masses

Question 18

What molecular compounds do halogens form?

Answer 18

They can share electrons with other non-metals through covalent bonding

Question 19

What ions do halogens form when they bond with metals?

Answer 19

1- ions and are called halides

Question 20

What does monatomic mean?

Answer 20

Single atoms not bonded to each other

Question 21

What does inert mean?

Answer 21

Unreactive`

Question 22

Finish this sentence: as you go down the noble gases

Answer 22

The boiling points and relative atomic masses increase