Atoms and Elements Flashcards
What is the nucleus in an atom like( include location and charges) ?
1) It is in the middle of the atom
2) It contains protons and neutrons
3) Protons have a positively charged
4) Neutrons have no charge (they are neutral)
5) So overall the nucleus has positive charge because of the protons
6) It is tiny compared to the rest of the atom
What are the electrons in an atom like( include location and charges) ?
1) Move around the nucleus
2) They’re negatively charged
3) They’re tiny, but they cover a lot of space
4) They occupy shells around the nucleus
5) These shells explain the whole of Chemistry
Number of protons………
Equals the number of electrons
What charge do atoms have overall?
No charge. They are neutral
What is the same in the protons and electrons but opposite?
The charge
What happened if electrons are added or removed?
The atom becomes charged and is then an ion
What determines what type of atom it is?
The protons in the nucleus
What does an element consist of?
One type of atom
What do all the atoms in a particular atom contain?
The same number of protons
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups
What do all the elements in a group have in common?
They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
What are the elements in group 0 called?
Noble gases
What are the noble gases?
They all have 8 electrons in their outer shell ( apart from helium which has 2). This means that they are stable and unreactive
What is the mass number?
It is the top number.
It tells us the total number of protons and neutrons
What is the atomic number?
It is the bottom number
This tells us the number of protons which conveniently tells us the number of electrons as we know protons equals electrons.
