ATOMS, MOLECULES AND IONS

Question 1

Greek philosopher who had the idea that al matter consisted of minute particles

Answer 1

Democritus

Question 2

he coined the term atomos

Answer 2

Democritus

Question 3

The scientist who provided precise and detailed description of the building block of matter

Answer 3

John Dalton

Question 4

John Dalton’s atomic theory:

Answer 4

1. An element is made up of extremely small, indestructible particles called atom
2. Atoms of the same element have the same chemical properties
3. Compounds are made up of atoms of more than one type of element
4. Atoms are rearranged to produce different substances

Question 5

3 fundamental laws of matter

Answer 5

1. law of conservation of mass
2. law of constant composition or definite proportions
3. law of multiple proportions

Question 6

explains that elements combine in ratios of simple whole numbers to form a compound

Answer 6

law of constant composition or definite properties

Question 7

explains that 2 or more elements react to form two or more different compounds, with one fixed or constant element

Answer 7

law of multiple proportions

Question 8

he carefully measured both the reactants and the products of chemical reactions

Answer 8

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier

Question 9

states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

Answer 9

law of conservation of mass

Question 10

this law states that in any chemical reaction, atoms are always conserved

Answer 10

law of conservation of mass

Question 11

negatively charged subatomic particle

Answer 11

electron

Question 12

discovered electrons

Answer 12

J.J. Thomson

Question 13

mass of electrons

Answer 13

9.11 x 10^-28g

Question 14

positive charged subatomic particle

Answer 14

Proton

Question 15

he’s famous for using the Gold foil experiment

Answer 15

Ernest Rutherford

Question 16

mass of proton

Answer 16

1.6726 x 10^-24g

Question 17

protons is located at the center of atom

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

discovered protons

Answer 18

Ernest Rutherford

Question 19

electrically neutral subatomic particle

Answer 19

neutron

Question 20

discovered neutrons

Answer 20

James Chadwick

Question 21

mass of neutrons

Answer 21

1.6749 x 10^-24g

Question 22

contains a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons and electrons moving around the nucleus

Answer 22

atoms

Question 23

2 ways to describe an atom quantitatively based on the number of specific subatomic particles:

Answer 23

1. atomic number
2. atomic mass

Question 24

equal to the number of protons in an atom

Answer 24

atomic number

Question 25

total amount of particles

Answer 25

mass number

Question 26

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Answer 26

isotopes

Question 27

isotopes that do not undergo radioactivity and do not disintergrate

Answer 27

Stable isotopes

Question 28

those that exhibit radioactivity

Answer 28

unstable isotopes

Question 29

has the same number of electrons and protons

Answer 29

nuetral atom

Question 30

neutrality is lost during chemical changes in which an atom either lose or gain an electron to give an electrically charged species called

Answer 30

ions

Question 31

is lost during chemical changes in which an atom either lose or gain an electron to give to ions

Answer 31

neutrality

Question 32

when an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged and is then called

Answer 32

anion

Question 33

when an atom gives off an electron its charge becomes positive and is then called

Answer 33

cation

Question 34

a collection of 2 or more atoms held in a specific arrangement due to sharing of electrons and acts as a single unit is called

Answer 34

molecule

Question 35

combination of molecules of the same element

Answer 35

diatomic molecule

Question 36

aggregate of 2 or more types of atoms

Answer 36

diatomic

Question 37

shows the type of atom and the number constituting a certain molecule

Answer 37

Molecular formula

Question 38

shows the order in which the atoms in the molecule are bonded

Answer 38

structural formula

Question 39

type of perspective drawing that shows the 3 dimensional orientation of molecules

Answer 39

Ball and Stick Model

Question 40

similar to ball and stick model but the line denotes the sharing of electrons is omitted

Answer 40

Space-filling model

Question 41

represents 3 dimensions and is used primarily to distinguish among optical isomers

Answer 41

Perspective formula

Question 42

formula where the symbols of atoms are listed in order as they appear in the molecule's structure

Answer 42

Condensed formula

Question 43

uses solid or dashed wedged bonds to depict the orientation of atoms in a molecule

Answer 43

Natta projection

Question 44

represents bonds using solid lines

Answer 44

Skeletal formula

Question 45

called electron dot structure; dots represent bonding of electrons and unpaired electrons

Answer 45

Lewis structure

Question 46

used to illustrate structures or linear monosaccharides

Answer 46

Fischer projection

Question 47

chair-like conformation commonly used to view structures of sugars

Answer 47

Cyclohexane conformation

Question 48

used to represent structures of cyclic sugars

Answer 48

Haworth projection

Question 49

used to illustrate a single bond between 2 carbon atoms

Answer 49

Newman and Sawhorse projections

Question 50

The ___________ of a compound denotes the exact number of atoms present in a molecule

Answer 50

molecular formula

Question 51

does not provide the exact number of atoms composing the molecule

Answer 51

empirical formula

Question 52

are compounds made up of cation and anion

Answer 52

ionic compound

Question 53

formed when cation and an anion combine due to the transfer of electrons

Answer 53

ionic bond

Question 54

formed when 2 or more nonmetals bond by sharing valence electrons

Answer 54

covalent compound

Question 55

a class of acid composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal

Answer 55

binary acid

Question 56

made up of hydrogen, oxygen and a nonmetal

Answer 56

ternary acid

Question 57

ternary acid also refers to

Answer 57

oxoacid