Atoms & Reactions (Chapter 2-4)

Question 1

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 1

1/2000

Question 2

What did john dalton say?

Answer 2

He said atoms are solid spheres

Question 3

What did J J Tomson discover?

Answer 3

Plum pudding-

he measured charge and mass which showed the atom must contain a smaller particle called corpuscles (electrons)

Question 4

What did Rutherford discover?

Answer 4

That the plum pudding was wrong

Question 5

Which experiment led scientists to believe that the plum pudding was wrong?

Answer 5

Gold foil (alpha particles)

Question 6

What is Rutherfords model of the atom?

Answer 6

Positively charged nucleus in centre of atom

Nucleus surrounded by cloud of negative electrons

Most of the atom is empty space

Question 7

Who discovered neutrons?

Answer 7

James Chadwick

Question 8

Describe the Bohr model of the atom

Answer 8

Electrons in fixed orbits or shells

Each shell has a fixed energy

Question 9

What did Bohr say about electrons moving between shells?

Answer 9

When they move between shells electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed

Question 10

How does the Bohr model explain why the Nobel gases are inert?

Answer 10

Atoms can only hold fixed numbers of electrons

Question 11

Which model of the atom is used today?

Answer 11

There is more than one type!

Quantum model of the atom is pretty good

Bohr is not perfect lol

Question 12

Define relative atomic mass (Ar)

Answer 12

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12.

Question 13

Define relative isotopic mass

Answer 13

The mass of an atom of an isotope, compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

Question 14

What is on the x axis of a mass spectra?

Answer 14

Mass/charge

Question 15

What is on the y axis of a mass spectra?

Answer 15

Abundance of ions

Question 16

Equation for moles

Answer 16

Moles = mass / molar mass

Question 17

How to calculate number of atoms

Answer 17

Moles x advogados constant

Question 18

Equation for volume (dm3)

Answer 18

Volume dm3 = moles x 24 dm3

Question 19

Ideal gas equation

Answer 19

PV = nRT

P= pressure Pa
V= volume m3
N= moles
R= gas constant (8.314 J K-1)
T= temperature K

Question 20

What is an empirical formula?

Answer 20

Smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 21

Nitrate ion?

Answer 21

NO3 -

Question 22

Carbonate ion?

Answer 22

CO3 2-

Question 23

Sulfate ion?

Answer 23

SO4 2-

Question 24

Hydroxide ion?

Answer 24

OH-

Question 25

Ammonium ion?

Answer 25

NH4 +

Question 26

Zinc ion?

Answer 26

Zn 2+

Question 27

Silver ion?

Answer 27

Ag +

Question 28

What is made when an acid reacts with a base?

Answer 28

Salt and water

Question 29

Are salts ionic, covalent or metallic?

Answer 29

Ionic compounds Consist of a lattice

Question 30

What are acids? (Donor?)

Answer 30

Proton donors

Question 31

Do acids produce H+ OH-?

Answer 31

H+ ions in an aqueous solution

Question 32

Do alkalis produce H+ or OH-?

Answer 32

OH- in an aqueous solution

Question 33

Is the reaction between (acids and water) and (bases and water) reversible?

Answer 33

Of course babe

Question 34

What is a strong acid?

Answer 34

They completely dissociate in an aqueous solution (to release protons)

Question 35

What is a weak acid?

Answer 35

They partially dissociate in an aqueous solution (to release protons)

Question 36

What is a strong base?

Answer 36

It fully dissociates in water (to release OH- ions)

Question 37

What is a weak base?

Answer 37

It partially dissociates in water (to release OH- ions)

Question 38

What is the reaction between acids and bases called?

Answer 38

Neutralisation

Question 39

Metal + Acid = ?

Answer 39

Metal salt + hydrogen

Question 40

Metal oxide + Acid = ?

Answer 40

Salt + water

Question 41

Metal hydroxide + Acid = ?

Answer 41

Salt + water

Question 42

Metal carbonate + acid = ?

Answer 42

Metal salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 43

Ammonia + acid = ?

Answer 43

Ammonium salt

Question 44

Methyl orange colour change ?

Answer 44

Yellow —> red

Question 45

Phenolphthalein colour change?

Answer 45

Pink —> colourless

Question 46

Concentration equation?

Answer 46

Concentration = moles/ volume

Question 47

What are polyproitic acids?

Answer 47

Acids that donate more than one proton

Question 48

How many protons do diprotic acids donate?

Answer 48

Two

Question 49

How many protons do triprotic acids donate?

Answer 49

Three

Question 50

Percentage yeild equation

Answer 50

Yeild = actual yeild/ theoretical yeild

Question 51

% Atom economy equation

Answer 51

% Atom economy = molecular mass of desired product / sum of molecular mass of products x 100

Question 52

What does a low atom economy mean?

Answer 52

Lots of waste products and therefore less sustainable

Question 53

What does an oxidation number tell you?

Answer 53

How many electrons an atom has donated or accepted to form an ion, or part of a compound

Question 54

What is the oxidation number of all uncombined atoms?

Answer 54

0 Eg. Mg = 0

Question 55

What is oxygens oxidation number?

Answer 55

-2

Question 56

What is peroxides oxidation number?

Answer 56

-1

Question 57

What is hydrogens oxidation number?

Answer 57

+1

Question 58

What is hydrogens oxidation number in a metal hydroxide?

Answer 58

-1

Question 59

What does an oxidising agent do?

Answer 59

Accepts electrons and gets reduced

Question 60

What does a reducing agent do?

Answer 60

Donates electrons and gets oxidised

Question 61

Oil Rig?

Answer 61

Oxidation = loss Reduction = gain

Question 62

What is a redox reaction?

Answer 62

Where electrons are transferred (from reducing agent to oxidising agent)

Question 63

When metals react with acids is the metal oxidised or reduces?

Answer 63

Oxidised