Atrial Fibrillation Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is range of bpm for patients with AF?
- 500-700bpm
- 300-600bpm
- 400-600bpm
- 600-800bpm
- 300-600bpm
What is the definition of paroxysmal AF:
- episodes come and go usually stop within 48 hours without treatment.
- AF is present all the time
- each episode lasts longer than 7 hours (or less when treated).
- continuous AF for year/longer
- episodes come and go usually stop within 48 hours without treatment.
What is the definition of persistent AF:
- continuous AF for year/longer
- each episode lasts longer than 7 hours (or less when treated).
- AF is present all the time
- episodes come and go usually stop within 48 hours without treatment.
- each episode lasts longer than 7 hours (or less when treated).
What does an AF patients ECG display?
absence of P wave and irregular QRS complex
What do you look for on the echocardiogram of a AF patient?
left atrial enlargement
mitral valve disease
structural abnormalities
What is an ectopic foci
abnormal pacemaker of the heart within the heart outside the SA node
what is fast AF
rate >100bpm with a rapid fast ventricular response
Which electrolyte disturbances can cause AF
hyperkalaemia + hypokalaemia
hypomagnesemia
What 2 pulmomary conditions can cause AF
COPD
PE
why would you investigate inflammatory markers in a patient with AF?
infection can cause AF
how does NICE recommend managing AF
rate control
what is 1st line rate control management recommended by NICE
beta blockers e.g. bisoprolol or CCB e.g. diltiazem
what rate control drug is used 1st line in AF patients with co existing HF
digoxin
Give an example of an endocrine disorder that can cause AF
hyperthyroidism
NICE recommends combination therapy for AF when 1 drug does not work.
what are the 3 drug options:
beta blocker
diltiazem
digoxin
what are the 2 options for rhythm control
cardiofversions
pharmacological management
give 2 examples of rhythm control pharmacological management?
amlodipine
flecainide
what is a major complication of AF
strokes and increased risk of clot formartion
what assessment tool can be used to estimates a patients risk stroke?
CHA2DS-VASc
what assessment tool can be used to assess a patient risk of bleeding?
HASBLED
why are DOAC preferred over heparin ?
less monitoring
why do AF patients have increased risk of stroke? explain mechanism
blood pools in the atria = increased stasis = increased risk of clot formation
what drug are new AF patients started on whilst awaiting full assessment
heparin
what 4 adverse features would suggest for electrical cardioversion
syncope
myocardial infarction
shock
heart failure
