Heart failure Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is heart failure?
The inability of cardiac output to meet the body’s physiological needs
What the definition of ejection fraction?
stoke volume/ total volume which gives the % of blood leaving the ventricles with each contraction
How do you calculate ejection fraction?
Stoke volume / total volume
What is stroke volume?
The volume of blood leaving the heart with each contraction
What is the range for normal ejection fraction?
- 40-50%
- > 40%
- 50-70%
- 50-70% ejection fraction
What is the range for borderline ejection fraction?
- 40-50%
- > 40%
- 50-70%
- 40-50%
What is the range for ejection fraction in HF?
- 40-50%
- > 40%
- 50-70%
- <40%
What are the 2 types of HF?
Systolic HF
Diastolic HF
What happens in systolic HF?
The ventricles are unable to pump out blood efficiently due to weakened or smaller ventricles
What are the characteristics findings of systolic HF?
Low cardiac output
ejection fraction <40%
Which sided Hf is systolic HF most likely to cause?
Left sided HF
Give 3 causes of systolic HF?
hypertension
cardiomyopathy
Ischaemic heart disease
What happens in diastolic HF?
Reduced diastolic filling due to hypertrophy and small ventricular cavity = reduced cardiac output
What are the characteristics findings of distolic HF?
Low stoke volume BUT NORMAL ejection fraction
which sided HF is IHD most likely to cause?
Left sided HF
Give 5 causes of HF in general
Hypertension CAD Cardiomyopathy valve disease endocarditis Cor pulmonale atrial fibrillation
How does cardiomyopathy cause HF?
Decreased strength and thin muscle walls cause less blood to be ejected out during systole
What are 2 changes in heart muscle are may arise due to HF?
Hypertrophy and cardiac dilation
What type of HF is cor pulmonale likely to cause?
Right sided HF secondary to pulmonary disease
What is a common symptom present in HF patients and why?
Pulmonary oedema due to fluid buildup in the lungs
How will the lungs sound on inspiration in a patient with HF?
Crackles due to fluid build up in the lungs
Give 5 symptoms a patient with HF will present with?
Orthopnoea Dyspnoea pitting oedema pulmonary oedema Raise JVP Jugular venous distention wheezing fatigue/lethargy ascites tachycardia
What is BNP and what does it indicate?
Brain naturetic peptide
A hormone secreted from the ventricles when that myocardium is stretched
What is the function of BNP and why?
Promotes vasodilation of smooth muscle and blood vessels in aiming to reduce vascular pressure
