attachment

Question 1

attachment

Answer 1

an emotional bond with a specific person that is enduring across space and time

Question 2

Harry Harlow

Answer 2

monkeys attached to blanket, 2 artificial monkey mothers (wire with food and cloth)
- monkey’s preferred cloth mother
- healthy social and emotional development is rooted in children’s early social interactions with adults

Question 3

John Bowlby

Answer 3

proposed attachment theory
- influenced by etholoigal theory
- internal working models construct expectations about relationships

Question 4

attachment theory (Bowlby)

Answer 4

children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments with caregivers as a means of increasing chances of own survival

Question 5

internal working models (WMs)

Answer 5

cognitive representations of themselves and other people
- guide processing of social info and behaviors in relationships
- secure: easy to love
- insecure: hard to lovr

Question 6

Secure Base (Bowlby)

Answer 6

an attachment figure’s presence that provides an infant or toddler with a sense of security that makes it possible for the infant explore the enviornment

Question 7

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 7

Strange Situation

Question 8

Strange Situation

Answer 8

child exposed to several different episodes, two separations and reunions with the caregiver and interactions with a stranger when alone and when caregiver is present

Question 9

Attachment related fears

Answer 9

• separation anxiety: restful/wary when separated from parents (peaks at 13-18 months)
• stranger anxiety: wary/fretful to unfamiliar person (peaks at 1 years old)

Question 10

Secure attachment

Answer 10

infant/child has a high quality, relatively unambivalent relationship with his or her attachment figure
- upset in Strange Situation when parent leaves but happy when they return
- secure base present
- 60-65% of American middle class children

Question 11

Insecure resistant (ambivalent) attachment

Answer 11

infants/children are clingy and stray close to caregiver rather than explore environment
- In Strange situation, very upset when caregiver leaves, not comforted by strangers or when caregiver returns
- ~10-15% of American middle class children

Question 12

Insecure - Avoidant attachment

Answer 12

somewhat indifferent toward caregiver and may even avoid caregiver
- In Strange situation, avoidant/indifferent when caregiver leaves and returns
- ~15-20% of American middle class children

Question 13

insecure - disorganized/disoriented attachment

Answer 13

fourth category for kids who don’t fit into the other three
- In Strange Situation, no consistent way of coping, behavior in confused/contradictory

Question 14

Parental sensitivity

Answer 14

contributes to security, can be exhibited through…
- responsive caregiving when child is upset
- helping child to engage through guidance and supervision

causal relationship between parental sensitivity and security of relationship

Question 15

Parental sensitivity study

Answer 15

mothers at risk for insecure attachment -
increase sensitivity = more secure children even after 3 and a half years

Question 16

Effect of Daycare

Answer 16

not much different
- continue to seek approval from parents
- look to peers for support

Question 17

long term effects of secure attachment

Answer 17

• closer with peers
• better grades
• increased involvement in school
• increased social competence
• decreased aggression
• increased ability to understand other’s emotions

Question 18

three qualities that distinguish secure and insecure in later life

Answer 18

1. intellectual competence
2. social competence
3. emotion regulation

Question 19

intellectual competence in secure

Answer 19

more curious, self-directed and eager to learn

Question 20

social competence in secure

Answer 20

initiate play activities, more sensitive to others feelings, more socially competent and popular

Question 21

emotion regulation in secure

Answer 21

good emotion regulation and coping skills

Question 22

adolescents attachment

Answer 22

need security/encouragement to explore (provided by supportive parents
secure have:
- stronger sense of identity
- increased self-esteem
- increased emotional adjustment/health
- decreased behavioral problems
- increased positive peer and romantic relationships

Question 23

Adult attachment styles

Answer 23

relate to quality of romantic relationships, well-being, physical/mental health

Question 24

insecure relationships can be converted into secure ones that..

Answer 24

serve as
- secure bases
- safe haves
- foundations for healthy development across lifespan by utilizing various applications of attachment theory