psychopathology Flashcards
(28 cards)
three criteria define the line between typical and atypical behavior
statistical deviance, maladaptiveness, personal distress
Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders (DSM)
spell out defining features and symptoms for numerous psychological disorders and developmental diseases
Developmental psychopathology
study of abnormal behavior from a developmental perspective and study of origins of maladaptive behavior
- psychopathology as developmental, not disease
The Diathesis-Stress Model
psychopathology result from interaction over time of aa predisposition for psychological disorders and experience of stressful events
Autism Spectrum disorder
- begins infancy, diagnosed at 4
- social and communication deficits
- restricted and repetitive interests and behavior
- more males affected than females
- differences in brain functioning
- 1/54 of 8 year olds in the US meet diagnostic criteria for ASD
Autism differences in brain function
atypical brain growth and connectivity
- more neurons and connection in early childhood but less organized
- in late life less connections
Variations in ASD
abilities of people with ASD vary significantly
- language
-assistance
- severity
- Asperger Syndrome
Asperger Syndrome
form of ASD, increased intelligence. increased verbal skills, clear desire to establish social relationships and decreased social cognitive and communication skills
Early Diagnosis of ASD
can be diagnosed at 1-3, in infancy ASD may present atypical responsiveness to social stimuli
- no joint attention
- does not make eye contact
- etc….
Suspected causes of ASD
NOT caused by vaccinations or bad parenting!!!
- genes and environment (triggers) interaction
Treatment of ASD
intensive and highly structured behavioral and educational programming
Externalizing and Internalizing problems are two categories of….
developmental problems
externalizing
out of control, anger outward
- lack of self control and act out in ways that disturb other people and violate social expectations
-decreases from age 4-18, more common in Boys and more common in children living in lower income houses
internalizing
overly controlled, anger turned inward
- negative emotions are internalized/bottled up
- increases form age 4-18, more common in girls, higher in children living in lower income homes, children in collectivist cultures
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
9.4% of kids between 2-17 diagnosed, more common in boys
- inattention (diagnosed later): easily distracted, misses details, forgetful
- hyperactivity/impulsivity (diagnosed in infancy): restless, fidgety, difficulty in taking turns
ADHD causes
difference in brain chemistry, frontal lobes problem, interaction of genes and environment,
- NOT caused by sugar intake, food dyes or permissive parents
ADHD treatment
meds and behavior treatment, training for parents, improving school learning environment
Adolescence is a period of
risk taking and problem behaviors
- heightened vulnerability to psychological disorder
Substance use disorders
A person continuing to use a substance despite experiencing adverse consequences
- alcohol use is most common , increases in adolescence and decreases from 25-34
-cascade model
Cascade model
genetic predisposition, stressful home environment, decreased performance in school, negative peer influence
Eating Disorders
more females
-anorexia: restriction of food, fear of gaining weight, body dysmorphia
- bulimis nerrasa: binge-purge syndrome
- binge eating disorder
Causes of EDs
genetics, biochemical abnormalities, Western ideal of thinness
prevention/treatment of EDs
behavior modification, psychotherapy, family therapy, reduce “thin ideal”
Neurocognitive disorders
progressive deterioration of neural functioning associated with cognitive decline (Dementia, Alzheimers, etc…)
- includes memory impairment, decreased in intellectual ability, decreased judgment, decreased think ing of abstractly, personality changes
