attachment Flashcards

Question

Secure attachment types reaction to 1)willingness to explore 2)stranger anxiety 3) separation anxiety 4)reunion behaviour 5)percentage

Answer 1

1)high 2)high 3)some easy to soothe 4) enthusiastic 5) 66%

Answer 2

1) high 2)low 3) indifferent 4) avoids contact 5) 22%

Answer 3

1)low 2) high 3) distressed 4) seeks and rejects 5) 12%

Answer 4

PRACTICAL ISSUES: main and solo man found an additional attachment type- insecure disorganised ETHICAL ISSUES: no as it is in a real life setting and so doesn’t cause any more distress than would be expected irl RELIABILITY: main er al found that all identified before 18 months of age were still securely attached at 6 years VALIDITY: ecological validity, found that attachment behaviour is much stronger in a lab than at home ETHNOCENTRICITY: N/A REPRESENTATIVITY: all middle class white kids THEORETICAL ISSUES: bowlbys theory

Answer 5

secure attachment = positive outcomes (Less emotional dependence, higher achievements) Avoidant attachment= later aggressiveness and generally negative effect. Resistant attachment: greater anxiety and withdrawn behaviour Shows this study is reliable as it has consistent results over time

Answer 6

Used the love quiz to show that attachment type was associated with later romantic behaviour. Self report technique -> bias -> memory loss

Answer 7

mothers of securely attached infants= more sensitive, accepting, responsive and accessible. mothers of insecurely attached infants= unresponsive to being crying and less affectionate mothers of avoidant infants= more rejecting, paid less attention to infants when entering the room MOTHERS BEHAVIOUR CAUSES ATTACHMENT TYPE: NURTURE.

Answer 8

if a baby has a naturally bad temperament, this will In turn influence how the mother responds to them, which will influence the type of attachment they have. children w/ difficult temperaments may be more prone to upset around change so could appear insecurely attached despite having a secure attachment with their mother. THE TEMPERAMENT F CHILD AFFECTS THE BEHAVIOUR OF INFANT: NATURE

Answer 9

They value independence and the importance of the individual. Western countries such as the UK and America are classed as Individualist.

Answer 10

A collectivist culture emphasises the importance of the group or collective. Japan and Israel are examples pf those cultures

Answer 11

A bond develops between infant and one primary attachment figure Regardless of cultural differences secure attachment Is the norm across the world.

Answer 12

rothbaum et al argued that the attachment theory isn't relevant because it is so rooted in American culture -the sensitivity hypothesis- rothbaum argued that it reflected western ideas o autonomy -the continuity hypothesis- competence isn't defined in the same way in eastern cultures. -secure base hypothesis- dependence orientated relationships are valued

Answer 13

a continual disruptions of the attachment between infant and primary caregiver could result in a long-term cognitive social and emotional difficulties for that infant

Answer 14

Delinquency, reduced intelligence, increased aggression, depression, and affectionate psychopathy

Answer 15

Aim: to investigate the long-term effects of maternal deprivation on people in order to see whether the delinquents of suffered deprivation

Answer 16

Procedure: Bowlby interviewed 44 adolescencts who were referred to a child protection program in London, because of stealing Bowlby selected another group of 44 children to act as the control group (children who had emotional problems, but had not yet committed any crimes) He interviewed parents from both groups to state whether their children had experienced separation during the critical period and for how long.

Answer 17

He found that more than half of the juvenile thieves had been separated from their mothers for longer than six months. During the first five years in the control group he found the only two had had such a separation. He also found that several of the young thieves 32%. Sign of affection of psychopathy. He also found that 60 children who had spent time apart from their mothers before the age of four showed lower achievement in school

Answer 18

Affection psychopath show little concerned for others, and our enable to form relationships. bowlby concluded that the reason for the antisocial behaviour and emotionless problems in the first group is due to maternal deprivation.

Answer 19

There is supporting evidence that Bowlby provided in the form of clinical interviews of retrospective data on those who had and had not separated from their primary caregiver This meant the bowlby was asking the participants to look back and recall separations. These memories may not be accurate. He also conducted and design the experiment himself, which may have led to experimental bias. Another criticism is that it concluded, the affection of psychopathy was caused by maternal deprivation. This is correlational data, and as such only shows a relationship between these two variables other external variables, such as diet, parental income, education, et cetera may have affected the behaviour of the thieves and not as concluded the disruption of attachment bond.

Answer 20

They wanted to see whether disinhibited attachment was more likely for those who were institutionalised They conducted a longitudinal study of 165, Romanian children who spend their early lives in institutions 111 of these were adopted before the age of two and 54 by the age of four adoptees were tested at regular intervals for 6,11 and 15 years to assess the physical social and cognitive development. The information was gathered through interviews with parents and teachers. Progress was compared to 52 British children adopted in the UK before six months

Answer 21

Long-term consequences may be less severe than was once thought, if children have the opportunity to form attachments If the children do not form attachments then the consequences are likely to be more severe

Answer 22

They carried out a longitudinal study on the physical growth and health of 36 Romanian orphans adopted by Canadian families and compare them to a group of children raised in normal Canadian families Data was collected for each child at three time points, 11 months after adoption at 4 1/2 years of age and at 10 1/2 years of age

Answer 23

The first two sets of results showed that the adoptees were behind the non-institutionalised group, however, by 10 1/2 years old, there were no difference between the two groups remaining or had caught up with the children raised in normal Canadian families

Answer 24

Children who are institutionalised are usually smaller. Lack of emotional care could affect with hormones causing under development. garner studied the case of an eight month girl who had to be fed through feeding tube due to malformation. Her mum would never cuddle her due to fear of dislodging the tube at eight months old She was withdrawn and physically stunted and she was admitted to hospital with attention of hospital staff. She thrived off the attention. return to normal, therefore emotional disturbances may affect the production of growth hormones

Answer 25

There is real life application, studying the Romanian orphans has enhanced start understanding of the effects of institutionalisation. Such results have led to improvements in the way children are cared for in institutions. One or two caregivers place Central well for the child this is called a key worker It's hard to research the effects of institutionalisation in isolation, because the children were dealing with multiple factors, which functioned as confounding participant variables The remaining orphanages were not typical. The conditions were so bad that the results may not be able to be applied to the understanding of improving institutionalised care.