Attachment Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is attachment?
Attachment is a two way enduring emotional tie to another specific person
What are the characteristics of attachment?
The characteristics are proximity, separation distress, and stranger distress.
How do attachments form?
Attachments form through bodily contact, mimicking, baby talk, interactional synchrony and reciprocity.
What is reciprocity?
It is when a person responds to the other and elicit a response from them. Babies play an active role in the interactions, babies even initiate interactions and seem to have alert phrases which signals they want an interaction.
What is interactional synchrony?
This takes place when the mother and infant interact in a way that their actions and emotions may each other.
What is the aim of Schaefer and Emerson study?
To assess whether there was a pattern of attachment formation that was common to all infants
What were the procedures for Schaefer and Emerson’s study?
Shafer and Emerson conducted a longitude or study on newborn 60 babies and their mothers from a working class area of Glasgow. They were studied at monthly intervals for the first year of their life and again at 18 months. Babies were studied in their own home and their interactions with their carers were observed.Evidence for the development of an attachment was that the baby showed separation anxiety after a carer left and stranger anxiety when researcher approached.
What were the results of the Schaeffer and Emerson study?
The results were up to 3 months of age. The newborn is predisposed to attach any human. Most babies respond equally to any caregiver.
After four months, babies have a preference for certain people.
After seven months special preference for a single attachment they are forms.
After nine months, multiple attachments are formed.
What is the conclusion of the Schaeffer and Emerson studies?
There is a pattern of attachment formation comment to all infants which suggest the process is biologically controlled. Shafer and Emerson called the sensitive responsiveness whether a baby attaches to an emotional connection not the person they spent the most time with.
What are the various stages of attachment?
Asocial from 0 to 8 weeks. Indiscriminate attachment from 2 to 7 months. Specific attachments from 7 to 12 months. And multiple attachments from one year onwards.
What is the a social stage?
They treat humans and objects in a similar fashion and they will smile at anyone
What is the indiscriminate attachment stage?
Baby start to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people they smile at people they must know
What is specific attachment?
Babies for specific attachments usually to a primary caregiver. They stay close to this person and become distressed if separated.
What is multiple attachments?
Strong emotional ties with other caregivers such as grandparents and non-caregivers such as other children. They show reduced stranger and separation anxiety.
Name the animal studies of attachment
Lorenz and Harlow
What is the learning theory of attachment?
The belief that attachments formed through learning and experience and attachment develops to the person that feeds the infant.
Explain the beliefs and theories of learning theory of attachment
It explains that classical conditioning can be associated because it says that infant is associate food with their mothers therefore forming an attachment.
Operant conditioning can be associated with attachment because it says that the reinforcements like positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement develop attachments further..
What is Baldi‘s monotropic theory?
Bold be proposed to humans in infants having a tendency to form attachments to their primary caregiver and this is passed down through evolution. This is called adaptive.
Social releases with another one of Balby‘s theory which states that infants unlock the innate tendency in adults to care for them through physical and behavioural signs like crying or Big eyes.
The critical period is what will be suggested is the most important time for babies and attachment this is between birth and 2 1/2 years. Bobby said that if this didn’t happen, the child would be damaged for life physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially.
Mono trophy is when boldly believed the infant form one very special attachment with their care caregiver. This is the person who interacts with them the most sensitively now referred to as their primary attachment figure.
Internal working model is another one of Bobby’s theories which is basically a template or a blueprint that suggests that using their primary caregiver infants have a model for future relationships. This links to continuity because it says that if infants have security they will become stable emotionally and will have stable parenting.
What is the strange situation?
Mary Ainsworth was interested in exploring the differences in attachment of infants. She developed a controlled observation known as a strange situation to investigate the different types of attachment.
What are the behavioural characteristics in the strange situation experiment?
Proximity seeking, exploration and secure base behaviour, strange anxiety, separation anxiety, and response to reunion
What are the attachment types from the strange experiment?
Secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
What is the cross cultural patterns of attachment?
It was to investigate cultural variation in attachment types through meta analysis of research studies examining attachment types across different cultures.
The procedure procedures were they did a meter analysis which compared to finding of 32 studies and use the train situation to classify attachment types in infants who are below two years old.
Eight countries were compared.
What is the influence of early attachments on later relationship relationships?
Secure and stable and good friendships and then moved on to have a good relationship as an adult.
Insecure avoidant probably won’t form very many relationships in early childhood and will be indifferent and withdrawn and cannot hold down long lasting relationships in adulthood.
Insecure assistant had difficulty making lasting friendships due to inconsistent nature in early childhood and they are demanding and coercive in adult relationship relationships.
