attachment

Question 1

define attachment

Answer 1

close two way emotional bond between two over time
comfort, closeness, security

Question 2

define secure base behaviour

Answer 2

use attachment figure as safe base for exploration

Question 3

explain reciprocity in caregiver infant interactions

Answer 3

two way process of responding, turn taking
infants and caregivers are both active
causes bond and sensitivity to needs

Question 4

explain interactional synchrony in caregiver infant interaction

Answer 4

mirror actions and emotions
coordinated

Question 5

who came up with research on interactional synchrony and explain it

Answer 5

meltzoff and moore
observed in 2 week old babies
adults displayed expression
babies response filmed and labelled
babies expressions mirrored adults more than chances predict
non participant observation

Question 6

explain a strength of research into caregiver infant interactions

Answer 6

controlled procedures
filmed in lab
researchers can analyse, won’t miss actions
inter rater reliability, more than 1 observer
babies dk being observed, behaviour more likely to be natural
t/f high internal validity

Question 7

explain a limitation of research into caregiver infant interaction

Answer 7

hard to interpret babies
lack co ordination, actions may not be deliberate e.g small hand movements
can’t be certain infant is mirroring and has special importance

Question 8

explain strength of research into caregiver infant interactions: supporting evidence

Answer 8

isabella at al observed 30 mothers and babies together
assessed synchrony & quality of mother baby attachment
found high levels of synchrony associated w/ better quality mother baby attachment

Question 9

what psychologists came up with stages of attachment

Answer 9

schaffer and emerson

Question 10

name the stages of attachment

Answer 10

asocial stage
indiscriminate attachment
specific attachment
multiple attachments

Question 11

explain the asocial stage

Answer 11

behaviour towards humans & inanimate objects are similar
preference for familiar people

Question 12

explain indiscriminate attachment

Answer 12

2-7 months
preference for humans > inanimate objects
accept comfort from anyone but prefer familiar people
no stranger or separation anxiety

Question 13

explain specific attachment

Answer 13

stranger & separation anxiety for primary attachment figure
person who offers most interaction rather than most time
65% of time mothers

Question 14

explain multiple attachments

Answer 14

form secondary attachments

Question 15

explain schaffer and emerson research

Answer 15

60 babies, glasgow
mother acted as observer, measured babies attachment

Question 16

name 2 strengths of stages of attachment

Answer 16

high external validity
real world application

Question 17

explain strength of stages of attachment: good external validity

Answer 17

observed at home by mothers
babies less distracted, act naturally won’t show demand characteristics

Question 18

explain strength of stages of attachment: real world application

Answer 18

useful to parents
first two stages babies can be comforted by day care workers
but starting day care w/ specific attachment baby may be distressed
t/f helpful for planning

Question 19

name two limitations of stages of attachment

Answer 19

mothers as observers
babies coordination

Question 20

explain limitation of stages of attachment: mothers as observers

Answer 20

subjective
social desirability bias mothers may not be truthful in interviews
may not have reported babies signs of anxiety
t/f results may not be accurate, low internal validity

Question 21

explain limitation of stages of attachment: babies coordination

Answer 21

asocial stage poor coordination
difficult to observe if anxious
babies may be social but can’t express through actions
t/f research may not support theory strongly as can’t rely

Question 22

describe imprinting

Answer 22

innate readiness to develop a strong bond w/ mother

Question 23

who conducted a study on geeslings for animal studies of attachment

Answer 23

lorenz

Question 24

what was lorenz’s procedure

Answer 24

randomly divided 12 geesling eggs
control group hatched w/ mother, experimental group hatched w/ lorenz in an incubator

Question 25

what were lorenz's findings

Answer 25

experimental group followed him everywhere, control group followed mother even when mixed up imprinted on lorenz as first moving object they saw critical period is a few hours sexual imprinting effects mating preferences, display courtship behaviour on species imprinted

Question 26

explain a limitation of lorenz's geesling study

Answer 26

lacks generalisability to humans chick's imprint instantly, humans two way process for emotional attachment t/f can't be applied to humans

Question 27

explain a strength of lorenz's research

Answer 27

regolin and vallortigara chicks imprinted on moving shape combinations e.g triangle w/ rectangle different shape combinations were placed, chicks followed original supports idea of innate drive to imprint on moving objects during critical period

Question 28

what was harlow's procedure

Answer 28

he used 16 monkeys and wire mothers wire mother had milk bottle, cloth mother didn't scared the baby

Question 29

what were harlow's findings

Answer 29

monkey cuddled cloth mother for comfort when frightened wire mother only used for food critical period is 90 days maternal deprivation irreversible, aggressive, attacked and killed children unskilled at mating

Question 30

what was harlow's conclusion

Answer 30

contact comfort forms attachments not food effects are irreversible

Question 31

explain a strength of harlow's study

Answer 31

bowbly's study irreversible effects maternal deprivation internal working model