attachment

Question 1

16M On cultural variations of attcmnent AO1

Answer 1

P1: Ainsworth stages: M enter with I, M interact, S enter, M leave, S interact, S Leave + M enter, M Leave, S enter (w/ alone I), S leave, M enter + interact
Classification: Secure Base, Reunion Behaviour, Stranger Anxiety.

P2: Van Izjendoor + Kroonenburg (1988), Countires incluse, UK, US, China, Japan, Sweden, Germany, Holland, Israel. Same findings as Ainsworth, little variation. 200 strange sitatuons, 32 studies.

Question 2

16M On cultural variations of attcmnent AO3

Answer 2

P1: - VI+K(1988) recogised data from less western cultures but stil missed South America+Africa.

P2: - Most studies (18/32) were american

P3: + Standardised methodology, high internal validity

P4: Takahashi (1990) - 60 japanese infants + mothers, found same 68% secure as VI+K (1988).

Question 3

16M Learning theory

Answer 3

ao1: Classicial conditioning: mother and food become associated with happiess, mother bevcomes cthe conditioned stimulus that produces the conditioned response that was originalyl associated w/food

ao1: Operant Conditioning: psotiive reinfocmeent - screaming/crying behaviour rewarded with food, negatively reinforced, by crying when hungry then the caregiver removes the negative feeling of hunger, associating cargiver w/ removal of hunger

ao3: Harlow;s Monkeys - prefeer love over food

ao3: Lorenz: Show attachment may be innate not learned

ao3: Schaffer + Emerson - less than half of att to primary caregiver